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題名 | 自然災害風險研究的發展與挑戰=Challenges and Perspectives on Natural Disaster Risk Research |
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作者 | 林炯明; 徐勝一; | 書刊名 | 環境教育學刊 |
卷期 | 9 2008.12[民97.12] |
頁次 | 頁37-61 |
分類號 | 548.31 |
關鍵詞 | 永續發展; 脆弱性; 人類安全; 災害風險管理; 地球系統科學; Sustainable development; Vulnerability; Human security; Disaster risk management; Earth system science; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 台灣地狹人稠,快速的經濟發展與不當的國土開發,在缺乏永續策略的管理下,對環境造成極大的壓力。加上台灣在氣候與地質條件上本屬自然危害好發的地區,使得災害事件頻仍。 高災害風險地區的災害發生頻繁,如果不能有效地降低災害的衝擊,災害所造成的損失將會影響國家整體的永續發展。從台灣的納莉颱風到美國的卡崔娜颶風,說明了純工程或是科技導向的方法無法完全解決災害的問題。因此我們必須從經濟、社會與環境的整體層面來思考改善方法,以期降低人們在面對危害時的脆弱性。 有鑒於近年來自然災害對於人類社會的重大衝擊,Bogardi與Brauch倡議將「免於危害衝擊(freedom from hazard impacts)」也納入到人類安全的概念中,強調除了經濟與社會層面之外,環境層面的重要性。這也與永續發展的永續環境、永續經濟與永續社會的三個層面相互呼應。經濟、社會與環境之間的衝突不僅是永續發展的核心議題,也是災害風險管理無法迴避的挑戰。綜言之,自然災害不但是過去不適當社經發展下的結果,也將是未來邁向永續發展的障礙。地球系統科學(ESS)與危害-風險-脆弱性(HRV)這兩個跨領域與整合研究的發展方向不但是未來自然災害風險研究的趨勢,也是台灣這個多災環境有效降低災害風險與成功邁向永續發展的關鍵環節。 |
英文摘要 | Taiwan’s environment is under a great pressure due to high population density, improper use of land and unsustainable management. In fact, Taiwan is a hazard-prone area in climate and geology inherently. All these make Taiwan suffer plenty of natural disasters. High disaster risk areas suffer plenty of disasters. It will affect the national sustainable development if we can not reduce disaster impacts effectively. Typhoon Nari and Hurricane Katrina clearly show that physical or technique-led approach can not solve disaster problems solely. It is therefore necessary to reduce people’s vulnerability in the integral economic, social and environmental aspects. Due to the devastating impacts of natural disasters, Bogardi and Brauch suggested extending the human security concept by introducing - “freedom from hazard impacts”, thus emphasizing the importance of environmental dimension. This concept corresponds with sustainable environment, sustainable economy and sustainable society within sustainable development. The conflicts between economy, society and environment are not only the core of the sustainable development, but also the inevitable challenges of disaster risk management. Natural disaster is as a cause and product of failed development. The interdisciplinary ESS (Earth system science) and integral HRV (Hazard-Risk-Vulnerability) are not only the trend of natural disaster risk researches, but also the key factor to reduce disaster risk effectively in Taiwan. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。