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題名 | 牛筋草(Eleusine Indica)對ACCase抑制型除草劑抗性之探討=Resistance to Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors in Goosegrass (Eleusine Indica) in Taiwan |
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作者 | 蔣永正; 侯秉賦; 王智屏; 蔣慕琰; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
卷期 | 49:4 2007.12[民96.12] |
頁次 | 頁311-324 |
分類號 | 433.85 |
關鍵詞 | 牛筋草; ACCase抑制型除草劑; 抗藥性; 交互抗性; Eleusine indica; Herbicide resistance; ACCase inhibitors; Cross resistance; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 自臺灣中部蔬菜田及南部果園內,採集對acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) 抑制型除草劑具抗、感性之牛筋草(Eleusine indica)種子,進行不同生育期植株之劑量反應測試,並比較抗、感植株在藥劑處理後之膜系滲漏反應與酵素活性差異,以確立臺灣農田內發生之牛筋草已產生對ACCase抑制型除草劑具交互抗性之生物型。分別以系列不同劑量之伏寄普(fluazifop-p-butyl)、甲基合氯氟(haloxyfop)、快伏草(quizalofop-ethyl)、環殺草(cycloxydim)及西殺草(sethoxydim)處理牛筋草抗、感種子,胚根伸長之半數抑制劑量抗感比介於4-7倍,其中以伏寄普的7倍為最高。另以系列不同劑量之測試藥劑,噴施3-4葉齡及9-10葉齡之抗、感牛筋草植株。除快伏草外,抗性株對其餘藥劑之傷害反應較感性者明顯為低。由施藥後21日之鮮重變化,估算伏寄普、甲基合氯氟、快伏草、西殺草及環殺草達50%抑制之劑量,發現對伏寄普之抗感比值達15.7-31.8倍,次為甲基合氯氟在15.3-22.3倍間,環殺草及西殺草介於3.6-11.5倍,快伏草則為1.6-5.8倍。不同葉齡植株對藥劑之忍受程度差異約為2-3倍。另以不同濃度藥劑浸泡葉圓片之處理方式,測定抗、感葉片內malondialdehyde (MDA) 含量之變化。感性葉片之MDA生成量,會隨伏寄普、甲基合氯氟、環殺草及西殺草之濃度提高而增加,抗性葉片在100 μM以下之處理濃度下,未發現明顯之劑量反應差異。快伏草對抗、感MDA含量之影響趨勢相近,均隨處理濃度提高而略為上升。比較測試藥劑對ACCase活性抑制之抗、感濃度比,其中伏寄普之抗性表現最為明顯(9.9倍),次為甲基合氯氟、環殺草及西殺草,快伏草之抗性表現較不明顯,抗、感濃度比為1.8倍。本研究結果顯示臺灣田區之牛筋草確已發生抗性生物型植株,且對作用機制相似之不同化學構造之除草劑已產生不同程度之交互抗性。比較抗、感植株在株高等農藝性狀及發芽率等繁殖潛力之表現,顯示感性植株均較抗性者略為優勢,應為臺灣農田普遍發生之野生型植株。 |
英文摘要 | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, including aryloxyphenoxypropionates (APPs) and cyclohexanediones (CHDs), are used widely to control grass weeds in broadleaf crops. A putative resistance of goosegrass (Eleusine indica) biotype to fluazifop-p-butyl was found in orchard of Kaohsiung. Two goosegrass populations collected from fruit and vegetable fields in 2003 were tested for the resistance to fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop and quizalofop-ethyl (APPs) and cycloxydim and sethoxydim (CHDs), in both seed and whole-plant responses. GR50 ratios (R/S) (herbicide dosage required to inhibit 50% radicle elongation) of resistant to susceptible biotypes ranged from 4 to 7. Under greenhouse condition, based on plant fresh weight evaluated at 21 days after herbicide application, R/S ratios of the GR50 values of resistant to susceptible plants were 15.7-31.8 (fluazifop-p-butyl), 15.3-22.3 (haloxyfop), 1.6-5.8 (quizalofop-ethyl), 4.5-8.3 (cycloxydim), and 3.6-11.5 (sethoxydim) at the 3-4 and 9-10 leaf stages. malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, increased significantly by herbicides except quizalofop-ethyl which caused the increase only in S biotype. Graminicide concentrations required to inhibit 50% ACCase activity were determined for resistant and susceptible biotypes. ACCase from S biotype was sensitive to treated herbicides, with I50 values ranging from 1.3 to 4.6 μM. In contrast, ACCase from the R biotype was much less sensitive to fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop, cycloxydim and sethoxydim, with I50 values of 45.7, 11.3, 7.5 and 8.3 μM, respectively. ACCase from the R biotype showed only a low level of resistance to quizalofop-ethyl, with an I50 of 2.3 μM. The S biotype appeared to have better growth rate and seed vigor than the R biotype. Results suggest that the biotype of Eleusine indica resistant to fluazifop-p-butyl has occurred in the fields of Taiwan, and showed different levels of cross-resistance to other ACCase inhibiting-herbicides. |
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