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題 名 | 評析「行為效益主義」與「規則效益主義」=A Critical Analysis of Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism |
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作 者 | 蘇雅慧; | 書刊名 | 哲學與文化 |
卷 期 | 35:12=415 2008.12[民97.12] |
頁 次 | 頁137-149 |
分類號 | 143.87 |
關鍵詞 | 效益主義; 行為效益主義; 規則效益主義; 道德兩難; Utilitarianism; Act utilitarianism; Rule utilitarianism; Moral dilemmas; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 效益主義(utilitarianism)之後的發展,漸形成行為效益主義(act utilitarianism)與規則效益主義(rule utilitarianism)二大範疇。本文進行檢視這二種效益主義的主張及其論證,發現當遇到「道德兩難」情境時,也就是兩條倫理規則相衝突時,行為與規則效益主義皆無法圓滿解決。效益主義以犧牲人的價值來謀求效益的冷酷理論,最終結果雖促成最大效益,卻不能使社會上的每個人得到他自身最滿意的幸福。 |
英文摘要 | This paper is to investigate the main thoughts and arguments of act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. It is pointed out that both act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism fail to provide sufficient underpinnings for the condition of moral dilemmas when we feel the need to rely on moral judgments and take action. It is concluded that despite the principle of the pursuit of the greatest happiness of the greatest number, utilitarianism cannot assure that each individual can own the greatest satisfaction and happiness, given that it is meant to sacrifice the benefits of some individuals. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。