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題名 | 流體化煤裂觸媒再生後殘碳量對觸媒性能的影響=The Effect of Residual Coke Content on the Performance of Regenerated Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst |
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作者姓名(中文) | 康文成; 邱虹梓; 王淑麗; 施呈杰; 李政誠; | 書刊名 | 石油季刊 |
卷期 | 44:3 2008.09[民97.09] |
頁次 | 頁33-44 |
分類號 | 466.8 |
關鍵詞 | 完全燃燒; 部份燃燒; 煤裂製程; 焦碳含量; Partial combustion; Full combustion; Fluid catalytic cracking; Coke conten; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在流體化媒裂(Fluidized Catalytic Cracking)製程中觸媒再生有兩種方式:一為完全燃燒(Full Combustion)、一為部份燃燒(Partial Combustion);採用部份燃燒時,由於燃燒不完全,將有部份焦碳殘留在再生觸媒上。本文探討殘留在再生觸媒上的不同焦碳含量對觸媒性能的影響,藉由現場取得經反應尚未再生觸媒,在實驗室進行不同程度再生後,進行活性測試,發現焦碳含量愈高,觸媒活性愈低,塔底油產率愈高,焦碳及乾氣的產率愈低,而汽油及液化石油氣產率下降的趨勢緩和,愈輕的進料油下降的趨勢愈緩和;而C3=及C4=的產率反而隨觸媒上焦碳含量的提高而略增。焦碳在觸媒上累積,因而改變裂解活性、異構化反應及氫轉移反應選擇性;也改變觸媒的孔徑分佈,因而輕重進料油有不同的結果。在實際工場再生觸媒因殘碳存在,使活性降低,可藉提高C/O比率來彌補;因此在不完全燃燒的再生模式下,控制適當的焦碳含量,有益於整體操作效益。但對處理重質油料的工場,殘碳量不宜高過0.35 wt%,以免影響觸媒底部裂解(Bottom Cracking)的能力。 |
英文摘要 | In the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process, the regenerator system can be operated in partial or complete combustion mode. In the partial combustion mode, some of carbon on the spent catalyst is not completely burned to CO or CO₂. Different residual coke contents of fluid catalytic catalysts were prepared by an incomplete regeneration process in the laboratory. The performance of these catalysts have been determined and compared to each other. The more the coke content of catalyst, the lower the activity, the lower the coke and dry gas yields of catalyst; but the higher the bottom yield of catalyst. The gasoline and LPG yields were slowly decreased as the residual coke content of catalyst increased; but C3= and C4= yields were little increased as the residual coke content of catalyst increased. The effect of the catalyst's coke content was increased when the feedstock was heavier. When coke deposited in the catalyst active sites, the activity of cracking, hydrogen transfer and isomerization of catalyst would be changed. Too much coke content would decrease the pore size of catalyst, and cause the difficulty for heavy oil diffusion to the active sites in the catalyst. In commercial units, increasing C/O ratio can compensate the active loss of coked catalyst. Therefore, maximum profit can be obtained by control optimal residual coke content in the catalyst. But the residual coke content of catalysts cannot exceed 0.35 wt% that would decrease catalyst's bottom cracking activity for heavy oil. |
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