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題 名 | 臺灣上市櫃公司員工認股權公平價值估計問題之模擬實證研究=Firms' Discretion on the Fair Value Estimation of Employee Stock Option for the Listed Companies in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 王蘭芬; | 書刊名 | 文大商管學報 |
卷 期 | 13:1 2008.06[民97.06] |
頁 次 | 頁93-111 |
分類號 | 495.78 |
關鍵詞 | 員工認股權; Black-Scholes評價模式; 公平價值; 損益操縱; Employee stock option; Black-Scholes model; Fair value accounting; Earnings manipulation; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 我國39號公報規範企業發行之員工認股權,若其給予日在2008年1月1日以後,企業即必須以公平價值列帳。本研究主要目的爲評估在我國實施第39號公報後,企業衡量員工認股權公平價值時,可能的損益操縱空間有多大。並藉由實證結果,對主管機關提出適當之建議。研究結果顯示,企業依照我國一般公認會計原則以Black-Scholes模型估計股票價格波動性時,平均而言將使員工認股權公平價值的高低合理估計值相對差距達2.4至2.8倍;高低合理估計值絕對差距約達17元至30 元(每一個認股權)。本研究同時也發現(1)平均而言,無風險利率的估計使員工認股權公平價值的高低合理估計值相對差距約達1.13至1.17倍;高低合理估計值絕對差距約達3.4元至4.16元(每一個認股權)。(2)平均而言,現金股利率的估計使員工認股權公平價值的高低合理估計值相對差距約達1.03至1.09倍;高低合理估計值絕對差距約達0.71元至2.22元(每一個認股權)。在權利期間爲3、5、7與10年的情形下,本研究亦同時操作所有參數以評估我國企業估計員工認股權公平價值時,可能的操縱空間。對所有公司平均而言,員工認股權公平價值高低估計倍數差爲279.00%、306.27%、322.26%與344.67%;高低公平價值估計差則爲$18.24、$24.36、$29.16與$35.11。對受影響最大公司而言,其員工認股權公平價值高低估計倍數差最大約達13倍之多。這些重要數據顯示我國、美國與國際會計準則對於公司估計員工認股權公平價值時,各項參數的估計程序並無較具體詳盡之規範,所造成公司合理操縱損益的空間相當大;因此建議財報應該揭露相關敏感性分析或是進一步詳細規範參數估計程序,以提供財報使用者判斷,並增加財報資訊透明度。 |
英文摘要 | The Financial Accounting Standards Board in Taiwan has finally approvedthe Taiwan Financial Accounting Standards No. 39 (TFAS39), which requires employee stock options (ESO) be measured by their fair value. A major concern on the use of fair value accounting for ESO is the reliability of fair value estimation. Therefore, the purpose of the this study is to evaluate the range of earnings manipulation firms have when estimating the fair value after the implementation of TFAS39. The difference between the highest reasonable estimation and lowest reasonable estimation of the fair value of ESO is defined as absolute manipulation range (AMR) and the ratio between relative the highest reasonable estimation and lowest reasonable estimation is defined as relative manipulation range (RMR). Empirical evidences show that by “reasonably” manipulating estimation for the stock volatility, firms could have an AMR between $17 to $30, per stock option and a RMR between 2.4 to 2.8. In addition, possible inputs for risk free rate produce an AMR between $3.4 to $4.16 per ESO and a RMR between 1.13 and 1.17. Also, inputs for cash dividend yields create an AMR between $0.71 to $2.22 per ESO and a RMR between 1.03 and 1.09. By manipulating all possible inputs simultaneously, I am able to assess the total range for manipulation when estimating the fair value of ESO. For time to maturity 3, 5, 7, and 10 years, the RMRs are 279%, 306.27%, 322.26%, and 344.67%, respectively, and the AMRs are $18.24, $24.36, $29.16, and $35.11, respectively. In sum, the empirical findings in this study suggest that the reasonable ranges for earnings manipulation when estimating ESO are quite large for most firms. Therefore, key inputs to estimate fair value for each ESO plan and sensitivity analysis seem to be necessary disclosure requirements. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。