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題 名 | 歸有光的治術儲備--以策問對為核心的討論=The Preparation for Governing of Gui You-guang--A Discussion Focus on Tse Wen Duei |
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作 者 | 黃明理; | 書刊名 | 國文學誌 |
卷 期 | 16 2008.06[民97.06] |
頁 次 | 頁1-37 |
分類號 | 573.441 |
關鍵詞 | 治術; 科舉; 策問; 對策; 實學; 歸有光; Theory of ruling; Imperial examination; Tse wen; Duei tse; Practical science; Gui You-guang; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 由於近代對科舉、八股的負面評價,幾己成社會共識,以致對於科場人物,亦往往存有空疏鄙陋的刻版印象。本論文試圖以歸有光為例,探討在科舉時代真正懷抱從政理想的儒者如何自處的問題,用以彰顯:科舉時代中不隨風氣而敗壞者亦非絕無僅有。他們認同朝廷「經明行修、博通古今」的教育宗旨,樹為目標,以自求實踐,亦足以養成砥礪德形、博學多識、關懷社會的人格。關於明經修行的部份,已另文討論,此處特以科場文字中的策問與對策為考察重心,指出應試者涉獵的學識廣度,並掘發其背後所應付出的心力,描繪出對立於空疏鄙陋的博通樸實面貌,期以稍稍改變世人的成見;也嘗試藉此打開歸有光研究的新視野。 文分七節如下:(一)前言:場屋不無人才(二)明廷科舉的理想與三場所重(三)歸有光應試從政的心態(四)《震川先生集》諸策的類別(五)諸策議題的廣博度與博學核心(六)稱道古昔以規摹當事(七)結論。 |
英文摘要 | Negative commentaries on the eight-legged essay and the imperial examination in modern times have summed up to a consensus the scholars who entered the imperial examination are often thought of as vacuous and shallow. This thesis aims to argue that some intellectuals kept their pristine, despite the corrupt political environment in the era of the imperial examinations. The paper will also invest the intentions behind intellects entering politics in that era, taking Gui You-guang (歸有光) as an example. Most intellects of the time approve of the imperial government's educational policy of mastering the Chinese classic texts and putting them into practice and understanding the essence of morality from ancient Junzi (君子) to their contemporary equivalents. Setting the abovementioned standards as their goal, these intellects persevere and strive for a personality that encompasses eruditeness, morality, and compassion for society. Existing literature on mastering and practicing the contents of the classic Chinese texts are abundant and in-depth, therefore, this essay will focus primarily on the political policy plans known as the "duei tse (對策)" and "tse wen (策問)", which are the argument used in the imperial examinations, as the reserach focus. Furthermore, it will points out the wide range of knowledge they obtained, discovers the effort they have made, and describe their refined and sincere characters, as opposed to being vacuous and shallow. Finally, this paper hopes to reshape the society's bias on the test-takers of the era, and shed new light on the reserach of Gui You-guang (歸有光). This paper is divided into seven parts: (1) Intro: there are still talented person under the imperial examination policy (2) Ming dynasty's ideal goal and the focus in the three parts of imperial examination (3) Gui You-guang's attitude toward taking exams and expecting to be politician (4) The categories of tse in Essays of Gui You-guang (Zhenchuan xiansheng ji) (5) The wideness and profound of the arguing subject (6) Commentate commendatory news by emulating the ancient policy (7) Conclusion. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。