頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 足球運動員的體能分析=The Aerobic Capacity and Muscular Strength of Soccer Players |
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作 者 | 金明央; 施長和; | 書刊名 | 運動生理暨體能學報 |
卷 期 | 4 民95.06 |
頁 次 | 頁29-40 |
分類號 | 528.9012 |
關鍵詞 | 足球運動員; 有氧能力; 肌力; Soccer players; Aerobic capacity; Muscular strength; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 由於比賽時間的緣故,足球比賽常被界定為是一項以有氧代謝為主的運動。在優秀足球運動員的比賽中,在場球員的跑步距離約在10至12公里之間,守門員的移動距離約為4公里。在耗時約為90分鐘的比賽中,被測得的平均強度約接近個人的無氧閾值;亦即乳酸的產生及排除剛好相等。通常約為足球運動員的80~90% HRmax。雖然,在一場足球比賽中的能量消耗,大都由有氧代謝主導。然而,決定性的動作,仍是需透過無氧代謝過程,在短跑、跳躍、剷球及爭球的動作中,無氧能量的釋放,是決定誰能跑得比較快,或跳得比較高的主要因素,這些因素往往是比賽結果的關鍵因素。從生理學的觀點來看,在像這樣的高平均運動強度之下,由於將導至乳酸的堆積,因此,是不可能作持久性運動的。職是之故,足球運動員,需藉助低強度的動作,以排除動作肌肉群的乳酸。先前的研究,沒有人能提供足球比賽中,測量氧消耗量的準確數據。然而,採取心跳率及耗氧量二項數據間的關係,可建立一套準確的間接估計法。另外有研究指出,跑步經濟性提升5%,可能在一場足球比賽中,增加大約1000公尺的跑步距離。力量及動力兩項體能要素,在足球比賽中,和耐力同等重要。增進適當肌群的肌肉收縮力、加速度及速率等要素,能增進足球運動的重要技巧;像是轉向、短跑及變換節奏等。上肢及下肢具有高層次的最大肌力,並能預防足球比賽中的運動傷害發生。 |
英文摘要 | Because of the game duration, soccer is mainly dependent upon aerobic metabolism. Distances covered at top level are in order of 10~12km for the field players, and about 4km for the goalkeeper. The average work intensity measured as percentage of maximal heart rate during a 90 minute soccer match is close to the anaerobic threshold; the highest exercise intensity where the production and removal of lactate is equal; normally between 80~90% of HRmax in soccer players. Although aerobic metabolism dominates the energy delivery during a soccer game, the most decisive actions are covered by means of anaerobic metabolism. To perform short sprints, jumps, tackles, and dual play, anaerobic energy release is determinant with regard to who is sprinting fastest or jumping highest. This is often crucial for the match outcome. It would be physiologically impossible to keep a higher average intensity over a longer period of time due to the resultant accumulation of blood lactate. Therefore, the players need periods of low-intensity activity to remove lactate from the working muscles. Previous studies indicated that, no one has yet managed to provide accurate data when measuring oxygen uptake. However, establishing the relation ship between heart rate and VO2 during a game allows accurate indirect measurement of VO2 during soccer matches. Furthermore, researchers indicated that a 5% improvement in running economy could increase match distance by approximately 1000 m. Strength and power are equally as important as endurance in soccer. By increasing the available force of muscular contraction in appropriate muscle groups, acceleration and speed may improve in skills critical to soccer such as turning, sprinting and changing pace. High levels of maximal strength in upper and lower limbs may also prevent injury in soccer. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。