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題 名 | 薩托里的憲政工程論=Sartori on Constitutional Engineering |
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作 者 | 曾建元; | 書刊名 | 中山學術論叢 |
卷 期 | 17 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁 次 | 頁147-175 |
分類號 | 571.6 |
關鍵詞 | 薩托里; 總統制; 議會制; 半總統制; 交替式總統制; 湯德宗; Giovanni Sartori; Presidentialism; Parliamentarism; Semi-presidentialism; Alternating presidentialism; Dennis Te-chung Tang; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 義大利裔美國學者薩托里於其著作《比較憲政工程--對結構、誘因與產出的辯難》一書中,以統治效率作為立憲主義憲政體制的可行性標準,針對總統制、議會制、半總統制三種制度類型,從新興民主國家民主鞏固憲政選擇的需要比較具適用性,並討論有助於其個別運作成功所需的選舉制度與政黨體系條件。其中,薩托里則偏好半總統制,稱賞其行政首長轉換的機制乃是解決分裂多數造成之政冶僵局的憲法魔術。在此之外,薩托里另提出交替式總統制的新構想,其基本理念乃是欲以總統取代總理的行政首長地位作為制度性懲罰來維持議會制的運作,該一構想,在我國則獲得湯德宗教授的認同而主張加以修正後引進。本文除評介薩托里該一新著外,亦對交替式總統制移植我國的可行性提出質疑,最後則為我國現行的半總統制提出辯護,認其實尚不失為一有利於民主政治文化建立的次佳方案。 |
英文摘要 | In his recent book "Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes", Italian American scholar Giovanni Sartori compares presidentialism with parliamentarism and semi-presidentialism by the effectiveness in governing as a workable criterion of the constitutionalist institution for application of rising democratic countries' constitutional choices for democratic consolidation. He also discusses the conditions of election and party systems whch allow a political form to perform as intended. Sartori prefers semi-presidentialism and appreciates its head-shifting machinery as a constitutional magic for avoiding a political gridlock which is formed by split majority. Moreover, Sartori proposes a new type of government: alternating presidentialism which is founded on parliamentarism and safeguarded against the institutional punishments of the alternating governmental leadership from premier to president. Professor Tang, Dennis Te-Chung agrees such a proposal. He claims to revise and introduce it to Taiwan. This article reviews the Sartori's recent book and criticizes the workablity of introducing alternating presidentialism to Taiwan. It finally defends Taiwan's ongoing semi-presidentialism and takes it as a useful second-best constitutional policy for rebuilding a democratic political culture. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。