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題名 | 路德與加爾文論基督徒的公民義務與權利=Freedom and Obedience: Martin Luther and John Calvin on the Civic Obligation and Right of the Christian |
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作者 | 歐力仁; Ou, Li Jen; |
期刊 | 成大宗教與文化學報 |
出版日期 | 20071200 |
卷期 | 9 2007.12[民96.12] |
頁次 | 頁109-130 |
分類號 | 243.6 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 路德; 加爾文; 政治神學; 順服; 自由; 基督徒的自由; 喬治.塞班; 宗教改革; Luther; Calvin; Political theology; Obedience; Freedom; Christian liberty; George H. Sabine; The reformation; |
中文摘要 | 本文有關路德的觀點主要是來自〈論俗世的權力〉(On Secular Authorities)和〈基督徒的自由〉(The Freedom of a Christian)兩篇論文。加爾文的觀點則根據《基督教要義》(The Institutes of the Christian Religion),特別是卷三第十九章〈論基督徒的自由〉(On Christian Liberty)和卷四第二十章〈論政府〉(On Civil Government)。筆者為,如果把這四篇重要的論文視為路德和加爾文的「政治神學」的話,一點也不為過,因為他們在這四篇文章裡明確地指出,上帝所賦予的「自由」乃是基督徒不容剝奪的政治權利,而出於意志和道德自由的「順服」則是基督徒無可推諉的政治義務。 本文的第一部份指出,「政府」在路德與加爾文的眼中之所以如此地尊貴是因為,前者為它是上帝親自立之「創造的秩序」,後者則認為它乃是基督這一位真正的、永恆的掌權者在世上所設立的合法代理者,所以人人皆須俯首稱臣。第二部份主張, 德與加爾文所強調的「順服政府「,必須置於「基督徒的自由」所蘊含的多層意義中來理解,才不至於誤解「順服」的真諦。而對於兩者(自由與順服)的正確認知,乃是進入路德和加爾文政治神學殿堂的最佳途徑。在第三部分中,筆者嘗試回應著名的政治理論的學者喬治.塞班(George H. Sabine)對路德與加爾文的批評。就政治神學的層面而言,筆者同意塞班對路德的評價,但是認為對加爾文的批評則有欠公允。主要的癥結點在於,賽班以人本的(社會-政治學的)角度來解讀加爾文神本的(神學的)政治學,因此產生了莫大的誤解。所以,筆者亦期待藉此初步的研究來釐清部分的問題。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of the paper is to highlight the political theology of the historic figure Martin Luther and John Calvin, particularly their ideas concerning Christians’ freedom and obedience as their civic right and obligation. Nevertheless, the content of this essay is not a historical investigation but primarily a the logical interpretation of Luther’s “On Secular Authorities” and “The Freedom of a Christian”, and Calvin’s “On Christian Freedom” and “On Civil Government” in The Institutes of the Christian Religion. Apart from the interpretation of the four tracts another portion of this essay is consisted of a critique of the contemporary political theorist George H. Sabine’s socio-political criticism of Luther and Calvin’s theological politics. The present writer maintains that it is no exaggeration to regard the aforementioned four treatises as the loci of Luther and Calvin’s political theology. Inasmuch as the four significant articles plainly point out the fact, the freedom bestowed by God is divine privilege whereas the obedience practiced out of the freedom is divine obligation in the Christian’s socio-political life. Accordingly, it is not surprising to conclude that freedom and obedience consist of Calvin’s political theology. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。