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題名 | 傳統藝術學基礎的鬆動與流失:論鑑賞學在博物館學範疇的沒落與危機=The Collapse of the Basis of Traditional Art Study: On the Decline and Crises of Connoisseurship in Museology |
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作者姓名(中文) | 巴東; | 書刊名 | 史物論壇 |
卷期 | 4 2007.07[民96.07] |
頁次 | 頁119-132 |
分類號 | 069 |
關鍵詞 | 博物館學; 藝術史研究; 鑑賞學; 後現代思維; Museology; Art history research; Connoisseurship; Postmodern thought; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 就視覺藝術領域的研究方法而言,最古老的藝術學研究方法即是「鑑賞學」(Connoisseurship)。鑑賞學在中國的淵源極早,魏晉南北朝時已有精確畫論「謝赫六法」出現,而鑑賞學觀念在西方的產生亦可追溯到十八世紀的郎濟修士(Luigi Lanzi, 1732-1810)。「鑑賞學」為西方藝術史研究的最早且最重要的學理依據,而更與西方早期博物館的建構思惟有著密切的關係;舉凡研究、展示、典藏莫不出於「鑑賞學」的相關理念,其可謂「菁英主義」概念的博物館學思維。 20世紀以後各種新的藝術學理論興起,60年代以後更是日新月異,尤其社會學、符號學等新研究方法的盛行;這些後現代主義的研究思維,強調平等、多元、普及、客觀、新穎等不同的理念,可謂顛覆了傳統藝術學之研究思維。鑑賞學即在這樣的思潮與背景中,迅速地沒落與流失,時至今日甚至在於博物館學的範疇內亦幾乎無法存身。 以上係兩種不同的學術思維,其一是著重於精緻內涵之古典文化取向,另一則是大眾文化思潮之「後現代」觀念導向。這兩種思維是否必然對立而無法相容,而鑑賞學的沒落與流失又代表著什麼樣的文化意義?本文由博物館面對新世紀轉型的因應策略說起,闡述藝術學研究其於新舊觀點上的不同內涵,並針對當代藝術學研究方法的重大改變,探討其於博物館學範疇的相關影響,提出切身地觀察與省思。 |
英文摘要 | Connoisseurship is the oldest approach to research in the visual art field. It originated from Shie Hei's “Six Laws” during the Southern and Northern dynasties in China, and in the art theory of Luigi Lanzi (1732-1810) in western countries. Connoisseurship was also the most important academic basis of western study of art history. In addition, it was closely related with the early theory of museum construction in western countries. The research, display and collection work of museums are correlative with it. Many new art theories emerged in the 20th century, particularly after the 60's. Sociology and semiology were especially popular. These postmodern approaches overthrew tradition and emphasized equality, pluralism, universalism, objectivity and novelty. Connoisseurship declined fast against this background and almost disappeared in museology. Of the two different academic approaches, one stresses the cultivation of classical culture, while the other stresses the postmodern concept of popular culture. Are these two approaches inevitably incompatible with each other? What kind of cultural meanings are revealed from the decline of connoisseurship? This essay starts from the museum's stratagem against the new age. Then, it discusses the two different approaches to research. It also deals with the author's observations and opinions about the impact of the change in research approach in visual art study. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。