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題 名 | 「子」的語義演變=The Semantic Change of 子 |
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作 者 | 鄭縈; 魏郁真; | 書刊名 | 靜宜人文社會學報 |
卷 期 | 1:1 民95.06 |
頁 次 | 頁1-30 |
分類號 | 802.2 |
關鍵詞 | 語法化; 語義演變; 詞綴; Grammaticalization; Semantic change; Affix; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 「子」本義為孩子,在現代漢語中多半與其他詞根結合成複合詞或合成詞, 「子」因出現的位置不同,語義發展途徑也稍有不同,其中「X+子」可虛化為 詞綴,這是「子+Y」所無,所以「X+子」虛化程度較高。本文從歷時角度探 討「子」語義的演變及其語法化的機制。探討語法化可從句法結構、語義變化、 表達方式(語用)、和認知心理四個角度(張誼生2000),本文以語義演變為 主。根據詞義場理論,「子+Y」與「X+子」都可以表示人類的後代、泛稱人、 動物的後代、植物的後代或細小物體,但是「子+Y」從小的語義特徵,進而用 於身份或地位的小(附屬),或因「繁衍」的概念,引申出孳生義;而「X+ 子」則虛化為名物化標誌,出現分工的情形。「子」從實詞到各種名物化標誌, 其虛化軌跡大致遵守Heine et al(1991a,b)的語義演變途徑以及曹逢甫(2003) 的小稱詞輪迴途徑;促使「子」語法化的機制包括類推、隱喻、換喻等。 |
英文摘要 | 子, originally meaning child, is usually a part of a compound or a suffix in modern Chinese. The semantic development of zi varies with its position, e.g. ‘X+ 子’ can be grammaticalized into a suffix, but ‘子+Y’ doesn’t. The issues here are the semantic change of 子 and its mechanisms. We may explore grammaticalization from four perspectives, i.e. syntactic structure, semantics, pragmatics, and cognitive factors, and the semantic one is adopted in the paper. Based on the semantic field theory, both ‘子+Y’ and ‘X+子’ can mean (1) child, (2) person, (3) young animal, (4) seedling, fruit or seed, or (5) something small and hard; but for ‘子+Y’, the meaning ‘subordination’ or ‘affiliation’ is derived, while ‘X+子’functioning as a pure nominal marker appears. As 子develops from a content word to a nominal marker, its change follows the chain (person > object> space>time) proposed by Hein et. al. (1991a,b) and the grammaticalization cycle of Chinese diminutives (Tsao 2003). The mechanisms causing the change of 子include analogy, metaphor, metonymy, etc. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。