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題 名 | 海峽兩岸海洋科學園區比較之研究=Comparison of Cross-Strait Marine Science Park |
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作 者 | 黃文吉; 林展義; | 書刊名 | 公共事務評論 |
卷 期 | 7:1 民95.06 |
頁 次 | 頁117-144 |
分類號 | 555.46 |
關鍵詞 | 海洋科學園區; 科技產業; 海洋經濟; 可持續發展; Marine science park; IT industry; Marine economy; Sustainable development; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在經濟全球化、區域經濟重組、資源重新分配的國際情勢下,全球海洋經濟將持續的積極發展,專家預言21世紀將是一場海洋資源的戰爭。1972年6月在斯德哥爾摩通過的聯合國「人類環境宣言」,首次提出“可持續發展”這個全新概念,並且在1998年聯合國國際海洋年中,進一步推動海洋可持續發展策略的實施。中國1996年制定完成「中國海洋21世紀議程」,設立專章涉及海洋產業的可持續發展。目前正規劃全中國各大沿海城市發展海洋相關產業,天津濱海新區-渤海灣、青島國家海洋科學研究中心、上海洋山深水港、福州霞浦縣三沙港區台灣水產品集散中心、廣東南澳島藻類養殖基地等地區。而台灣水產品從早期的捕撈漁業提升到加入生技產業讓台灣水產品創造新的水產品牌,台灣漁產量排名全球第18位,在全球漁產量1.46億公噸,占約1%,在全球漁產貿易順差國中,台灣排名第15位,賺取外匯年約8億美元,有鑑於此政府在各地規劃三處海洋科學園區,如宜蘭縣海洋生物科技園區、台東縣海水生物技術園區、南方海洋園區等將積極有效管理海洋資源並提升海洋科技產業。 台灣科學園區發展歷程從工業區、加工出口區、科學(技)工業園區、工商综合區、智慧型工業園區、文化創意產業園區、自由貿易港區、生物醫學園區、農業科技園區、海洋科學園區等,基本功能均在於提供產業發展用地,促進經濟發展,隨著時代的演進與國家經濟形勢的不同,因此台灣科學園區不斷創新發展,設立不同形態科學園區,並運用科學園區資源和資訊管理技術來提升科學園區競爭力,創造出不同的附加價值。 本文提出海峽兩岸海洋科學園區之未來展望,中國應積極建設海洋科技基礎設施,提高海洋科技創新,並提高自主創新能力,設立智慧產財權等方向,而台灣未來必須運用自身之優勢規劃各處之海洋科學園區的定位,因適其自身條件來定位「產品創新導向」、「生產開發導向」、「研發創新導向」才能將每一個園區的附加價值提高到最大化並適當的作市場區隔,減少園區互相競爭之威脅,本文以期望給海峽兩岸未來發展海洋科學園區之參考。 |
英文摘要 | Under the global economy, regional economic restructuring, and reallocation of resources, the field of marine economy has been predicted to become an intense arena for resources in the 21st century. While in 1972 the idea of "sustainable development" was announced in the Declaration on the Human Environment during the United Nation Conference on the Human Environment, marine policies related to sustainability were on the focus in the International Year of the Ocean in 1988. In 1996, China has published its "Agenda 21" to regulate ocean related sustainable development. In the national port city development, there are many massive projects going on, including Tianjin Binhai New Area, National Ocean technology research center in Qingdao, Yangshan deep water port in Shanghai, Xiapu Taiwan aquatic products collecting and distributing center in Fujian, an algae farming base in Nanao Island of Guangdong, etc. In Taiwan, where traditional fisheries activities are accompanied by innovation in branding of fisheries products, the catch by volume is ranked 18th in the world, accounting for 1%. In ranking of fisheries trade surplus, Taiwan is the 15th largest with yearly income of 800 million US dollars. The government has been planning for three marine technology parks to help the industry. The science or industrial parks in Taiwan have gone through several types, including industrial parks, export processing zones, science and technology parks, Intelligent Industrial Parks, culture and innovation parks, free trade zones, biomedical parks, agricultural parks, marine parks, etc. These parks provide land for specific industrial uses according to the development trend in Taiwan, using various resources and IT to manage the parks to create different values. In this paper the development of cross-Strait marine science parks are discussed. It suggests that China needs to act proactively to improve its infrastructure and innovative ability, and enforce intellectual property rights. Whereas Taiwan needs to pursue various values and market segments, it is important to realize the functions of these science parks, setting for innovative, productive, or research oriented in order to prevent internal competition. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。