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題 名 | 中華民國臨時約法制定過程重建--法典史動態性架構之嘗試=A Test to Construct a Dynamic History of the 1912 Legislation of the Provisional Constitution of the ROC |
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作 者 | 張茂霖; | 書刊名 | 中華技術學院學報 |
卷 期 | 35 民95.12 |
頁 次 | 頁163-193 |
分類號 | 581.29 |
關鍵詞 | 臨時政府組織大綱; 中華民國臨時約法; 大中華民國臨時約法草案; 宋教仁; The organizational law of the provisional government; The provisional constitution of the ROC; The draft of the provisional constitution of the great ROC; Sung Chiao-jen; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 民元開國頒行憲法,施行憲政,這是中國歷史上首次民主憲政的試行,也是民國法制史上極其珍貴的憲政經驗。這一段歷史雖已漸形遠隔,但是,筆者認為,單從法典史的視角觀之,仍是一個值得再加探究與澄清的課題。 南京臨時政府之成立,初依據「臨時政府組織大綱」仿美國總統制。但因大綱中未設人民權利條款,且組織權責的設計也頗有疏漏,勢須修改,乃由臨時參議院「將其缺漏者增補之,窒礙者修正之」,繼提出「大中華民國臨時約法草案」,仍定為總統制。但南北議和之時,決定將臨時大總統職位讓於袁世凱,故再決議將原案內的總統制,增改為責任內閣制,以抑制袁世凱的權力。然則,自民國成立以來,諸多政治上的爭執及演變,仍經常受到政府體制定位問題之糾纒。 就法律上的見解而言,任何法典之制定,立法者所作之抉擇皆影響其後法典之適用及解釋。對於民初憲法史課題,實須儘量廓清制定過程,獲得較為充足的事實基礎,而後進一步的討論及研究始有合理的依據。鑑於傳統上法制史之研究,常屬機械性的時間排序和資料堆疊,尤其對於法典史主題,極易淪於漫無神采的流水帳目。本文迭經考慮,爰依據近十多年來刊布的新史料,設法走入歷史時空現場,嘗試以程序建構和法條變遷的概念途徑,將〈中華民國臨時約法〉的制定經過作動態而系統性的整理和重建,並稍作評價和檢討。 |
英文摘要 | When the revolutionist forces in the late Qing dynasty of China seized Nanking City and erected the pursued republic, they established a new government based on "the Organizational Law of the Provisional Government", which imitated the presidential system of the USA. Since this fundamental law was too simple and crude for further applications, it had to be revised and reformed. The presidential system was improved and the articles about civil rights were completed in the reformed draft. Thereafter, it was renamed "the Draft of the Provisional Constitution of the Great ROC". All legislations were proceeded in the Provisional Senate or the Advisory Assembly, which was controlled by the revolutionist bloc. Since The negotiation between the revolutionists in the South and the imperial forces in the North came to that the abdication of the Manchu Emperor could be arranged and in the same time the Provisional Presidency of the new republic must be passed over, from Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the renowned revolutionist leader, to Yuan Shih-kei, the plenipotentiary Premier of the Peking government who was also the charismatic leader of the imperial forces in the North, the Provisional Senate made an important resolution to the fundamental law-changing the ongoing presidential system into a cabinet system (it was read: "to from an accountable cabinet"), which imitated the parliamentary system of the third republic in France. It was publicly acknowledged that the Provisional Senate was intending to curb the fierce powers of the oncoming provisional president Yuan. Since studies on the process of the legislation were pretty vague and the historical construction too static, in this paper, the writer employed the concept of processional construction and text shifting, making use of the newly published documents, to restudy in details the though transformation, and tested to convert the static history into a dynamic ones. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。