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來源資料
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題 名 | 資訊科技對美國文官考試之影響=The Influence of Information Technology on Civil Service Examinations in the USA |
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作 者 | 葉炳煌; | 書刊名 | 國家菁英 |
卷 期 | 2:4 民95.12 |
頁 次 | 頁139-156 |
分類號 | 574.5244 |
關鍵詞 | 文官考試; 資訊科技; 自動化用人系統; 當場考試制度; 網路考試; 授權與分權; Civil service examinations; Information technology; Automated hiring systems; Walk-in testing; On-line testing; Delegation and decentralization; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 全球化、國際化時代,使得各國文官考選都面臨史無前例的挑戰。在美國傳統公開競爭筆試過程冗長、程序繁雜早為人所詬病,往往需要3至6個月時間,許多優秀人才不耐久等,早已被私人企業挖走,政府機關管理人員亦不滿不能即時用人。美國各級政府機關經過多年預算緊縮大量裁員之後產生人才斷層,機關環境轉變需要特殊技能的人才以之因應,嬰兒潮退休高峰期已到,以及近年來美國勞動力成長率低等因素,造成對人才需求非常急迫,例如美國人事管理總署(OPM)一再提出警告,至2013年將有50萬多名聯邦員工符合退休資格,如果各部會不儘早規劃,將會發生嚴重人力短缺問題。為因應此問題美國聯邦政府於1990年代後期進入自動化用人階段,州及地方政府更是大力改革文官考選用人制度,有些州政府如加州實施跳躍式革命,由筆試直接進入網路考試時代。 本文旨在探討資訊科技如何改變美國文官考選用人型態,以及其所產生的問題,在此我國亦已進入國家考試網路報名,專技人員航海人員考試電腦化測驗階段,有關美國文官考選資訊化發展經驗,可供我國參考。 |
英文摘要 | In all countries, the advent of globalization and internationalization has posed unprecedented challenges to the systems for examination and recruitment of civil servants. The traditional American system of open, competitive examinations, with their drawn-out and complicated procedures, has long been the bane of applicants. Many talented persons tire of waiting the 3 to 6 months it can take to get a response and are poached by the private sector, while government agencies themselves complain that they cannot get the personnel they need in a timely manner. Fault-lines have appeared in the manpower system after years of budget cuts and heavy staff reductions, while the need for specialized personnel to help respond to new service environments, the passing of the baby-boomer generation and a fall-off in growth of the labor supply all combine to drive an urgent need for qualified personnel. The federal Office for Personnel Management (OPM) has warned, for example, that by 2013 some 500,000 federal employees will be eligible for retirement, and that if agencies do not plan appropriately, serious shortfalls in available manpower will occur. In response to this looming issue, the US government began to introduce automated hiring systems in the late 1990’s. State and local governments have implemented even more far-reaching reforms in their approaches to civil service recruitment, with states such as California taking in one step the ‘great leap forward’ from written to online examinations. This paper examines how information technology has changed the recruitment modalities for American civil servants, as well as various problems that have ensued. With Taiwan having now also introduced online registration for national examinations, and even online examinations for the Professional and Technical examinations for Seafarers, it is of some value for us to refer to the development and experience of similar processes in the USA. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。