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題 名 | 關於伊藤仁齋天思想的考察=The Idea of Heaven (Tian) in Ito Jinsai's Thought |
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作 者 | 木村純二; | 書刊名 | 儒教文化研究 |
卷 期 | 7 2007.02[民96.02] |
頁 次 | 頁105-117 |
專 輯 | 17世紀東亞儒學思想 |
分類號 | 131.62 |
關鍵詞 | 日本儒學; 伊藤仁齋; 天; 孔子; 孟子; Japanese Confucianism; Ito Jinsai; Heaven; Tian; Confucius; Mencius; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 這篇論文旨在考察伊藤仁齊的天概念。伊藤仁齊(公元1627-1705年)是日本最有名的儒學者,他批判朱子堂,主張歸於孟子之教。他所批判朱子學的要點在在於它依據嚴格的理來解釋世界和人。根據仁齊的理解,人是不斷變化的活物,所以難免錯誤。仁齊主張,沒有錯誤不如改善自己的錯誤,進而他認為允許人犯錯誤是很重要的。 仁齊說天地與人一樣是活物。天也是活動,所以不可避免錯誤。異常氣象就是其表現。雖然如此,天下肯隱藏自己的錯誤,所以它是很高貴的存在。朱子學通過嚴格的理來解釋天地,這與殺天道同樣。天不肯隱藏錯誤,可是不能改善自己的錯誤。改善錯誤屬於人們的行為。孔子曾經說過要為改善錯誤而努力。仁齊說,如果沒有孔子,天地不能作為天地。 從全體來看,天道指向於善的實現。因此,在地上活著的人們應該努力實現善。但是天也可能會犯錯誤,所以善人也往往遭遇不幸。仁齊說:這個時候,我們不應該怨恨天,而應該認為自己的不幸就是天為活物的証據,進而要把它接受為天命,繼續努力去實現善。 |
英文摘要 | This paper studies the idea of Heaven in Ito Jinsai’s thought. Ito Jinsai(1627~1705) is one of the most famous Confucian in Japan. He rejected Neo-Confucianism and advocated the original teachings of Confucius and Mencius. The main point that he criticized Neo-Confucianism is to understand the world and a human being by the rational and strict principle. According to his thought a human being cannot avoid a mistake, because it lives and continues changing. He insists that it is more important to change one’s mistake and to forgive a mistake of another person than not to make a mistake. Jinsai says that both the heaven and t he earth live same as a human being. It is not avoided a mistake as far as the heaven lives. And the outcome is abnormal weather. Heaven is noble nevertheless, because it does not hide its mistake. It ruins t he Heavenly Way to interpret that world by the rational and strict principle like Neo-Confucianism. But Heaven cannot change mistakes by itself. It is an action of a human being that change a mistake. And it was Confucius that preached teaching to change mistakes. Jinsai says that the world cannot be the world if there was not Confucius. Generally speaking, the Heavenly Way aims at realization of good. Therefore a human being living on the earth must make efforts for good. However, because Heaven can make a mistake, there can be a misfortune on a good person. Jinsai preaches that it is necessary to consider his misfortune as an evidence of Heaven’s life, to accept it as Destiny and to continue making efforts for good not bearing a grudge against Heaven. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。