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題名 | 嘉磷塞(glyphosate)引起作物藥害與莽草酸(shikimate)累積之關係=Analysis of Shikimate Accumulation for Diagnosis of Glyphosate Injury to Crops |
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作者 | 蔣永正; 蔣慕琰; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
卷期 | 48:3 民95.09 |
頁次 | 頁243-252 |
分類號 | 433.85 |
關鍵詞 | 嘉磷塞; 莽草酸; 葉綠素; 玉米; 胡瓜; 葉圓片; Glyphosate; Shikimate; Chlorophyll; Corn; Cucumber; Leaf disc; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究以植株噴施及葉圓片浸泡藥液兩種處理方式,探討細胞內shikimate累積與嘉磷塞毒害之關係,作為藥害診斷依據及確定其適用之範圍。噴施65- 1,025 g ha-1系列劑量之嘉磷塞,於4-6葉齡之玉米及胡瓜植株後,定期測定葉片內shikimic acid含量。以65 g ha-1劑量嘉磷塞噴施後2日,引起玉米葉片內之shikimate含量增加2倍,施用劑量提高為1,025 g ha-1時則上升至2.9倍,呈二次曲線之增加趨勢。胡瓜對測試藥劑亦有相近之反應趨勢,唯shikimate累積量明顯較玉米葉片為高。另以512 g ha-1之嘉磷塞噴施玉米植株,shikimate之增加量自施藥後四小時之1.1倍上升為14日之5.9倍,施藥後1日即呈直線增加之趨勢。胡瓜之反應則以1-4日間之累積速率最為明顯。以512 g ha-1劑量之嘉磷塞噴施所造成之作物毒害程度以萵苣98±1 %最嚴重,番茄、甘藍、胡瓜及玉米次之,綠豆45±5 %較輕微;而在shikimate累積變化上亦以萵苣增加21.7倍最為明顯,番茄、甘藍、胡瓜及玉米介於2.3-5.7倍間,綠豆之2.3倍為較低。顯示不同作物遭受嘉磷塞毒害時,葉片內shikimate累積量均有提高,只是作物間之反應程度有明顯差異。本研究另以切離組織葉圓片為材料,發現玉米葉圓片在25 ppm嘉磷塞處理範圍內,葉片葉綠素含量逐漸減少至25%左右,shikimate累積量亦隨藥劑濃度之提高明顯上升,最多增加至1.4倍。達50 ppm劑量時,葉綠素含量快速降低約62%,shikimate含量亦有明顯減少之趨勢,超過125ppm以上更較對照樣品減少9-21%。顯示玉米葉圓片內shikimate累積對嘉磷塞之劑量反應在25 ppm範圍內。胡瓜葉圓片之shikimate累積量則隨測試劑量提高而上升。以25及2500 ppm嘉磷塞處理甘藍及萵苣葉圓片,其葉綠素及shikimate含量與玉米有近似之變化趨勢,綠豆及番茄之反應則與胡瓜葉圓片較為接近。 |
英文摘要 | Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum non-selective systemic herbicide. It has been registered for postemergence application at 1.6-2.8 kg ha-1 to control most established weeds in the fields in Taiwan. It shows a strong herbicidal activity at a low application rate against a wide range of upland weeds, and inadequate use could result in phytotoxicity of crops in farmland bordering the sprayed area. Simple and sensitive methods for detecting the responsible agent are very useful in the diagnosis of phytotoxicity. Glyphosate inhibits the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, and causes accumulation of shikimate in plants. This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between phytotoxicity and shikimate accumulation caused by glyphosate for diagnosis of herbicide injury. Both corn and cucumber plants at 4-6 leaf stage were treated with glyphosate at various dosages. Affected plants showed leaf yellowing, crinkle and reduction of leaf size. Foliar application of glyphosate at 65-1,025 g ha-1 resulted in the rapid accumulation of shikimate in corn and cucumber plants within 14 days. High dosage of glyphosate caused marked accumulation of shikimate. These was a close relationship between phytotoxicity and shikimate accumulation of glyphosate-treated plants. This suggested that high level of shikimate content in an affected plant was an indication of glyphosate injury. Leaf discs assay were used to measure changes in shikimate accumulation in a solution containing glyphosate. Shikimate accumulation in corn leaf discs reached a maximum at 25 ppm glyphosate, but decreased markedly at 50 ppm. Chlorophyll content of corn leaf discs declined to 62 % compared to untreated samples. At the concentrations ranging from 25 to 2,500 ppm, there was a linear relationship between accumulation of shikimate in excised leaf discs of cucumber and the amount of glyphosate applied. It clearly differentiated corn from cucumber when leaf discs were used in the test. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。