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題名 | 金門一條根簇葉病發生報導=Witches' Broom of Glycine Tomentella Caused by Phytoplasma in Kinmen |
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作者姓名(中文) | 蘇秋竹; 楊文仁; 高清文; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
卷期 | 48:3 民95.09 |
頁次 | 頁203-216 |
分類號 | 433.4 |
關鍵詞 | 闊葉大豆; 金門一條根; 簇葉病; Glycine tomentella; Witches' broom; Phytoplasma; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 闊葉大豆 (Glycine tomentella Hayata) 俗稱金門一條根,為金門地區特殊之傳統藥用野生植物,近年來由於產品為消費者所喜愛而供不應求,逐漸盛行人工經濟栽植,但在栽植區新發現一種病害,植株呈現葉片變小、莖節變短、莖葉叢生、植株衰弱及矮化等病徵,與植物菌質體所引起之簇葉病病徵相似,嚴重者影響產量。本研究進行田間實地調查20區一條根栽植園,包括5區兩年生及15區一年生,結果顯示兩年生皆有發生簇葉病,發生率為7%至24%不等,平均發生率為16%,一年生有9區有發生簇葉病,見最高發生率為11.4%,平均發生率為2.9%,調查時亦發現一條根罹病園鄰近之甘藷園植株簇葉病普遍發生。田間一條根罹病組織經超薄切片觀察,可於篩管內發現多型態植物菌質體存在;以廣效性引子對P1/Tint及專一性引子對19a/19b對採自5區不同罹病園一條根與甘薯簇葉病樣品進行PCR反應,皆可增幅出約1600 bp及750 bp之16S rDNA基因片段,而兩者之健康組織均無任何產物,進一步將此約1600 bp大小之16S rDNA基因片段選殖及解序,一條根及甘薯分別為1640 bp及1638 bp,兩者核苷酸相同度 (identify) 為99.6%,具有高度同源性,與基因庫9種植物菌質體菌系包括落花生、太陽麻、萊姆、蠶豆、甜椒、番茄、白蠟樹、棕櫚及桃等寄主,以鄰聚法 (neighbor-joining method) 親緣關係分析可區分為6個菌群,金門地區一條根及甘藷簇葉病菌系與落花生及太陽麻菌系屬同一菌群,歸屬於植物菌質體16SrII -A 之菌群,亦皆為落花生簇葉病菌群之一。 |
英文摘要 | Wild Glycine tomentella Hayata is used as a traditional medicine plant in Kinmen county. With its increasing demand and limited supply, it started to be grown commercially. However, a new witches' broom disease of G. tomentella (WBGT) has become the limiting factor in the production of G. tomentella. Typical symptoms are small leaf, short internode, and declining of plant vigor and stunting. The disease caused significant yield losses in severe cases. A total of 20 locations were selected for field survey, including 5 locations of two year-old cultivated plants and 15 locations of one year-old cultivated plants. Two year-old cultivated plants showed WBGT disease incidence ranging from 7% to 24%, with an average of 16%. One year-old cultivated plants among fifteen locations showed an average disease incidence of 2.9%. The sweet potato witches' broom (SPWB) disease was also found commonly nearby the locations with WBGT disease. Pleomorphic phytoplasmas were observed in sieve tubes of the phloem in ultrathin sections of petioles of WBGT infected plants. About 1600 bp and 750 bp DNA products were consistently obtained from samples collected from five different locations of plants infected with WBGT and SPWB. The DNA template was used to amplify 16S rDNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a universal primer P1/Tint and a specific primer 19a/19b. However, no DNA fragment could be amplified from healthy plant control. The amplified DNA fragments of WBGT and SPWB was cloned and sequenced. The 16S rDNA sequenced fragment of WBGT and SPWB showed high homology, with 99.6% nucleotide similarity. The phylogenetic trees consisted of WBGT and SPWB, and 9 other strains from GenBank showed 6 distinct clads. The strains of WBGT and SPWB from Kinmen, and peanut and sunhemp were in the same clads, belonging to phytoplasma 16SrII -A group and the members of peanut witches' broom group. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。