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題名 | Bourget Framed: Re-Reading Hofmannsthal's Der Tor und der Tod=蒲爾惹之音--再探霍夫曼斯塔爾之「愚人與死亡」 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 嚴子陵; | 書刊名 | 淡江人文社會學刊 |
卷期 | 27 民95.09 |
頁次 | 頁43-58 |
分類號 | 875.55 |
關鍵詞 | 文藝消遣主義; 蒲爾惹; 霍夫曼斯塔爾; Dilettantism; Paul Bourget; Hugo von Hofmannsthal; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 蒲爾惹(Paul Bourget)在所其著作的「論當代心理學」一書共十個章節中,詳述了他在文藝領堿裏,對於現代主義的態度。論文中,蒲爾惹批判文藝消譴主義(dilettantism)、世界主義(cosmopolitanism)、虛無主義,仍至於對文藝的衰微、文化的發展等,也多所評議,認為這些現象足以威脅歐洲的文明。評論家一般認為,霍夫曼斯塔爾(Hugo von Hofmannsthal)的美學觀點,實為蒲爾惹理論在文學領堿上的體現。儘管在霍夫曼斯塔爾早期的單幕劇「愚人與死亡」中,蒲爾惹的觀點仍然隨處可見,但是諷刺的是,霍夫曼斯塔爾的反省態度隱然成形,因為此間,我們看到他以唯美主義的筆法,譴責過度的唯美主義。當我們細細品味劇中的象徵筆法,我們可以得到一個頗為傳統的看法--此劇不過是一篇文以載道的文章。主角(Claudio)是一位既帶諷刺,又富警世作用的人物;這一點,霍夫曼斯塔爾又頗具蒲爾惹的真傳。 |
英文摘要 | The ten chapters in Essais de psychologie contemporaine [Essays in contemporary psychology] detail Paul Bourget's attitude toward Modernism in the arts. The Essais serve as a platform upon which to attack dilettantism, cosmopolitanism, nihilism, and decadence--cultural developments which Bourget viewed as threatening to European civilization. Hofmannsthal read and commented on Bourget, and critics sometimes depict Hofmannsthal's aesthetes as the literary embodiment of Bourget's views. Although Bourget's ideology unquestionably figures in Hofmannsthal's early one-act play Tor und der Tod [The fool and death], an ironic counter-gesture is suggested in that the condemnation of hyper-aestheticism is presented aesthetically. A close reading of the imagery in the play renders the traditional view--that the play is a piece of didactic moralizing--suspect. The protagonist Claudio is as much as satirical figure as a warning--in this, Hofmannsthal is ironically Bourgetian. |
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