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題 名 | 制度、人力資本與經濟成長--從金磚十五國談起=Institutions, Human Capital, and Economic Growth: Lessons of BRICs |
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作 者 | 葉宜蓁; 官德星; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 39 2007.01[民96.01] |
頁 次 | 頁135-176 |
分類號 | 552.09 |
關鍵詞 | 制度; 人力資本; 經濟成長; 國際資本移動; 金磚國家; 對外開放程度; Institutions; Human capital; Economic growth; International capital mobility; BRICs; Openness; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文以Romer (1990)和Hall and Jones (1999)為基礎,加入制度面因素,來探討制度、人力資本、和經濟成長之間的關係。我們發現一國的總人力資本數量和該國的制度品質,是影響其經濟成長最主要的兩個因素。 而一個國家愈是對外開放,則其制度品質愈好,也愈能吸引國際資金和人才的進入,因此經濟成長率就會愈高。我們利用包括金磚國家以及七大工業國在內共二十四個國家的資料,對理論模型做估計和檢定的工作。實證結果顯示,制度和總人力資本都對經濟成長有顯著的影響,而制度的影響力又更明顯。制度的好壞對開發中國家或新興經濟體(如金磚國家),不僅是正面且是十分顯著的;但對於高度開發國家(如七大工業國),其影響就相對減弱,以致每人所得和制度之間呈現一個「倒-U」的關係。此外,我們的結果顯示,人口規模效果對經濟成長的直接貢獻的確不顯著,制度開放才是比較重要的因素。 |
英文摘要 | In this paper an institution-based endogenous growth model is proposed, which is inspired by Romer (1990) and Hall and Jones (1999). Two factors we find are most important in determining long-run economic growth of a country in the globalized world: institutional quality and human capital. In particular, openness of a country, which is one of the components of institutional quality index, can have significant effects on the attraction of both financial and human capital from abroad. A more open economy would have more capital inflows, and therefore would grow faster. Because the equilibrium of the model is not Pareto optimal, this gives the government a role to promote economic growth by creating an infrastructure with better institutional quality. We use both cross-sectional and time-series data for 24 countries (including BRICs and G7) to test the hypothesis of the theoretical model. The empirical results show that institutional quality and human capital do have significant effects on long-run growth rates of these countries, but institutions have weakly negative effects on the growth rates of rich countries such as G7. This results in an “inverted-U” relationship between institutional quality and economic growth over the cross section of these countries, which is consistent with the empirical results of Klein (2005). The “scale effect” of population on GDP growth rates is weaker, and is valid only through its effects on aggregate human capital stock of a country. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。