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題 名 | 「民工荒」的政治經濟分析=The Political Economy of Peasant Workers Shortage |
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作 者 | 陳慧榮; | 書刊名 | 香港社會科學學報 |
卷 期 | 31 民95.秋-冬 |
頁 次 | 頁27-56 |
專 輯 | 就業.失業 |
分類號 | 556.4 |
關鍵詞 | 民工荒; 企業主; 地方政府; 利益共謀; 推拉分析; Interest collusion; Local governments; Owners of enterprises; Push-and-pull analysis; Shortage of peasant workers; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文旨在對2004年前後中國東南沿海地區出現的民工荒現象做出解釋。本文借鑒比較政治經濟學的「社會聯盟理論」(social coalition theory)和勞動力流動中的「推拉理論」(push-and-pull analysis),認為地方政府和當地企業主集團的利益共謀是導致民工荒的結構性力量,是農民工回流的推力因素,是長期作用的因素;中央新農村政策和中西部勞動密集型產業的興起,是突發性力量,是農民工回流的拉力因素,促使農民工供需出現拐點。在「重經濟、輕社會」的發展觀和政府績效評價體系下,地方政府從自身利益(即財政收入最大化、GDP和FDI的絕對數值和增長率、個人政治升遷)出發,選擇「重資本、輕勞工」。利潤空間小的勞動密集型企業,為了維持競爭力,選擇盡力壓低勞動成本,降低農民工待遇。地方政府和當地企業主集團存在?利益共謀關係。這種共謀關係和中央農村政策以及中西部勞動密集型產業的興起一起,改變了農民工對比較利益的預期,促使部分民工回流,導致了民工荒。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this article is to explain the strange phenomenon of “shortage of peasant workers” experienced in southeastern China in 2004. Based on the “social coalition theory” and “push-and-pull theory”, this article argues that structural and abrupt forces together caused the shortage of peasant workers. As a structural force, the collusion between local governments and enterprises pushed the peasant workers to leave the cities. Meanwhile, the new agriculture policies and the rise of labour-intensive industries in central and western China as abrupt forces pulled many peasant workers back to their hometowns. The structural force was generated by the concept of development and the evaluation system of performance of local government on the part of the Chinese authorities, which tended to over-emphasize economic growth and under-emphasize social development. Consequently, on one hand, considering their own interests such as maximization of revenues, the absolute amounts and growth rates of GDP and FDI, and political promotions, local governments favoured capital rather than labour. On the other hand, enterprises tried to reduce workers’ wages in order to cut costs and meet the challenges of international competition. Thus, local governments were in collusion with enterprises based on their respective interests. This relationship of collusion, together with the new agricultural policies and the rise of labour-intensive industries in central and western China changed the income expectations of the peasant workers. Many of them returned to agricultural work or found jobs in the labour-intensive industries near their hometowns in central and western China, which led to the shortage of peasant workers in the southeast. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。