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頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 水稻苗徒長病非農藥防治法試驗=Study on the Control of Non-Pesticide Materials on Bakanae Disease of Rise Seedlings |
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作 者 | 陳任芳; 楊大吉; 陳哲民; | 書刊名 | 花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報 |
卷 期 | 24 民95.10 |
頁 次 | 頁1-14 |
分類號 | 434.111 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 苗徒長病; 徒長病菌; 植物油; 蚵殼粉; 蓖麻粕; 亞磷酸; 有機栽培; Rice; Bakanae disease; Fusarium moniliforme; Plant essential oil; Oyster shell powder; Castor cake; Organic farming; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在花蓮地區許多稻種表面均含有大量的稻苗徒長病菌,但經表面消毒後則可減少,而以高雄139號的帶菌情形較普遍且高;另外育苗土亦有帶菌的現象。為解決水稻有機栽培育苗問題,因此利用非農藥資材處理稻種及育苗土,以探討非農藥資材的應用對水稻苗徒長之防治效果。稻穀催芽前經植物油處理結果以苦楝油抑菌效果最差,所有植物油對發芽率的影響差異不大。但經催芽後再處理,則其抑菌效果以丁香油、肉桂油最優,帶菌率可低於10%。但在丁香油1667ppm及肉桂油1,000ppm以上的濃度則均對稻種發芽明顯抑制。植物油對稻苗徒長病之防治效果,則以肉桂油667ppm最佳,其次為丁香油833ppm;肉桂油若以滑石粉稀釋為667ppm再粉衣稻種,其防治效果對預防苗徒長病結果則和肉桂油667ppm的處理兩者差異不大,試驗結果確認在有機栽培上可利用植物油進行稻種消毒的效果。另外,非農藥防治資材除植物油外,印楝素、幾丁素、拮抗菌對抑制苗徒長病的效果均較植物油差,但仍顯著低於對照;而幾丁素粉或溶液的處理其誘導抗性的效果亦均低於亞磷酸。經連續幾次試驗結果均顯示以亞磷酸667ppm預防稻苗徒長病之效果穩定而有效。本研究結果證實放置室內稻殼經6個月後徒長病菌殘存率降為0%,顯示室內乾燥稻殼不利徒長病菌殘存。稻苗徒長病抑病育苗土研發試驗選出蚵殼粉及蓖麻粕添加1%之防治率分別為50%及43%,若同時使用兩種添加物則具協力效果,其防治率達80%。育苗土添加蓖麻粕之最適當比例為0.6%。本試驗結果可供水稻有機栽培對苗徒長病之發生預防做參考。 |
英文摘要 | Many varieties of rice seeds were contaminated with Fusarium sp. to cause bakanae disease on rice seedlings in Hualien area. This contamination can decrease by surface sterilization. Fuasrium isolation ratio was high and commonly found on the KS 139 variety. The nursing soil was also found containing Fusarium sp.. For applying to organic farming of rice, experiments for effects of non-pesticide materials on bakanae disease of rice seedlings were conducted at Jian, Hualien. Materials including clove oil, cinnamon oil, neem oil, azadirachtin, phosphorous acid, antagonistic bacteria and chitosan were tested. The rice seeds were treated with plant oils before germination, the result showed that the most effective two materials on Fusarium sp. were clover oil and cinnamon oil. The seed germinated as well as the untreated. But, the rice seed treated with plant oil after pregermination, plant oil treatment of seed germination was inhibited by clover oil 1667ppm and cinnamon oil 1000ppm. Controlling bakanae disease by plant oil on nursing box, cinnamon oil 667ppm was the most effective, then followed by clover oil 833ppm. Cinnamon oil carried by talcum powder was used to cover rice seeds had the same effect as that of cinnamon oil. From those results, it was confirmed that plant oil could be used to treat rice seeds on the organic culture. It also indicated that other plant oils, azadirachtin, antagonistic bacteria and chitosan also showed some effect on the control of bakanae disease on rice seedling. Integrated results showed phosphorous acid solution 667ppm had stable effect on bakanae disease of rice seedlings. Pathogen of bakanae disease can survive in rice husk about 6 months. The nursing soil amended with castor cake or oyster shell powder can suppress the incidence of bakanae disease, its controlling efficacy is 50% and 43%, respectively; when the two amendments mixed together with nursing soil had the highest controlling efficacy 80%. Besides, the optimal amending ratio of castor cake was tested to be 0.6% (w/w). |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。