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題名 | 政府作為消費者--臺灣與德國採購法制之比較=Government as Consumer: A Comparative Study on the Government Procurement System of Taiwan and Germany |
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作者 | 黃立; Hwang, Li; |
期刊 | 政大法學評論 |
出版日期 | 20060800 |
卷期 | 92 民95.08 |
頁次 | 頁219-300 |
分類號 | 564.72 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 政府採購協定; 政府採購法; 公開招標; 選擇性招標; 限制性招標; 門檻金額; 申訴與調解; Government procurement agreement; Government procurement act; Open tender; Selected tender; Limited tender; Threshold; Appeal and mediation; complaint and mediation; |
中文摘要 | 政府採購機構為自用而採購產品或服務,占政府總支出的重要比例,也在內國經濟上呈現重要的角色。公開而不歧視的採購制度才能確保使金錢發揮最大的邊際效用。有時政府為了促進特定內政目標,如促進本地產業或特定營業集團,在內國法明文規範或執行某些特定措施,如禁止購買外國產品或服務,或禁止向外國供應商採購,價格優惠及補償交易,或者過度使用選擇性招標,不公開的技術規格要求,不透明的招標與決標程序。依據估計,政府採購通常占國內生產毛額的10%至15%左右,當然成為各廠商所不能忽視的目標。政府採購協定之目標為,使外國貨物與本國貨物有相同之待遇(國民待遇)及對供應國間之平等待遇(最惠國待遇)。換句話說,本協定的目的不在於強迫政府採購,應自國外進口,而在於為所有國內外廠商創造相同的競爭條件。簽署政府採購協定,加入世界貿易組織,就我國貿易國際化、提升競爭力,均屬最有利者。惟基於該協定對於相互開放政府採購巿場、招標程序、等標期、決標、資訊公開、廠商申訴制度等,有廣泛之規定,各簽署國必須切實履行,故為配合未來簽署後國內各機關之作業需要,必須預先訂定政府採購法,以為因應。我國對於政府採購採取了特別立法的方式。將所有涉及政府採購事項,統一在單行法中規範。大體上採納了政府採購協定的規範,變更了過去我國採購法令不統一、採購不透明的情況。由於WTO架構下的政府採購協定會員國的採購制度,均以政府採購協定為依歸,因此本文乃以該協定會員國之一的德國法作為本文比較分析之標的。 |
英文摘要 | Purchasing products or services by a government for its own use constitutes a substantial proportion of its total expenditure. Government procurement may only function well if it adopts the principle of nondiscrimination in purchasing. The government, in order to reach some specific purposes in internal policies, may take special measures or implementations such as forbidding purchasing from foreign suppliers, giving domestic suppliers more favorable prices or ruling for compensatory trade terms, or making excessive using of limited tendering procedures, and making the purchasing procedure insufficiently transparent. Government procurement usually represents about 10-15% of total GDP, which no manufacturers can ignore. The goal of the Government Procurement Agreement is to avoid discrimination between goods from domestic or foreign origin (National Treatment) and to give mostfavored treatment (Most-Favored-Nation Treatment) to supply countries. In other words, the purpose of the GPA does not lie in forcing any government to import goods from foreign countries, but lies in creating the same competition conditions for domestic and international manufacturers. Signing the GPA and joining WTO are beneficial to our trade diversification and will enhance the competitiveness of our products. The GPA requires transparency of laws, regulations, procedures and practices regarding government procurement. The government needs to establish international procedures on notification, consultation, surveillance and dispute settlement with a view to ensure a fair, prompt and effective enforcement of the provisions on government procurement and to maintain the balance of rights and obligations at the highest possible level. It is thus necessary to promulgate a new Government Procurement Act in Taiwan to replace the chaotic regulations of the past. Since every member country of the GPA has the obligation to modify its government procurement system according to GPA requirements, it is the purpose of this article to compare Taiwanese and German law and to make relevant suggestions. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。