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題 名 | 由單純管制到管制與課稅誘因混合機制之臺灣水污染防治政策的研擬=A Study on the Policy of Employing a Hybrid Mechanism of Emission Standards and Effluent Charge Incentives for Water Pollution Control in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 吳珮瑛; 王詩君; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 38 民95.07 |
頁 次 | 頁239-275 |
分類號 | 445.259 |
關鍵詞 | 污染者付費原則; Translog邊際污染防治成本函數; 混合機制; 生化需氧量; 單一費率; Pollutant-pay-principle; Translog marginal abatement cost function; Hybrid policy; Chemical oxygen demand; Uniform tax rate; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究模擬並分析在臺灣對水污染已執行多年的行政管制基礎,同時在有免徵的限值及放流水標準的限制下,針對行政管制的放流水排放標準與課徵水污費誘因機制的混合水污染防治政策進行分析。分析中乃設定當政府不分行業別而針對全國排放水污染的廠商採單一費率、考慮行業別,及針對不同排放水量大小等三種不同方式課徵水污費時,水污費制度的加入如何誘使污染者進行污染減量,並比較此三個方案在污染減量效果及水污費總費額徵收上的差異。 各方案模擬結果顯示,當不考慮行業別及排放水量大小之統一費率方案下,以2002年每污染當量課徵910元的水污費費率而言,整體產業水質可改善至每公升放流水化學需氧量含量150毫克,由四個產業的總樣本444家廠商共可徵收約2億5千萬元。而以行業別課徵水污費之方案,在水污費費率為910元下的污染減量誘因,印染整理業之水質可改善至每公升放流水化學需氧量含量130毫克,然而,印刷電路版製造業及食品製造業,所能獲取的水質均比目前放流水標準所設定的化學需氧量為低,故無法產生污染減量的誘因,若要使食品製造業產生污染減量的誘因,則必須訂定高達約3,500元以上的費率。反之對造紙業而言,該行業僅需訂定約600元左右的費率即可達1998年100毫克的放流水標準。 而以行業別課徵水污費,個別廠商可徵收到的費額分別為印染整理業每年685,872元、印刷電路版製造業每年159,712元、食品製造業每年117,292元、造紙業每年304,060元,四個產業444家廠商共計每年可徵收約1億6千萬元的水污費。當以排放水量大小為課徵水污費的費基之方案,在四個級距之排放水量下,為維持在不考慮行業別及排放水量方案之910元費率下產生的每公升化學需氧量含量200毫克,由推估結果可知,所課徵的水污費總額共計約2億3千萬元。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this study is to simulate a hybrid policy that is a combination of emission standard and effluent charge for water pollution control from industries. Three policy simulation scenarios are designed for the analyses. They are respectively a uniform tax rate for all industries in the country, tax rate set under current emission standard by different industries, and different tax rate set for different effluent amount of waste water. The comparison will be made on the effect of pollutant reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the total amount of revenue collected from effluent charge. The results have shown that under a uniform tax rate set at the year of 2002 with NT$ 910 per pollutant equivalent for all kinds of industries and different effluent amounts of waste water the COD will decline to 150 mg/L. The total revenue of the effluent charge collected from all 444 firms is about NT$ 250 millions annually. Furthermore, while tax rate set for different industries, the reduction of COD from textiles and dyeing industry is quite effective. That is, the level of COD will reach to 130 mg/L which is a higher standard as that currently set for this industry. On the contrary, at tax rate of NT$ 910 the control of COD emission from circuit board manufacturing and food processing industries are limited. That is, to reach the emission standard set in 1998 a tax rate of NT$ 3,500 is required for good processing industry and it requires only NT$ 3,500 is required for good processing industry and it requires only NT$ 600 of tax rate for paper manufacturing industry to fulfill the emission standard set in 1998. The tax revenues collected from different industry while tax rate set under current emission standard by different industries respectively are NT$ 685,872, NT$ 159,712, NT$ 117,292, and NT$ 304,060 for textiles and dyeing industry, circuit board manufacturing industry, food processing, and paper manufacturing industry. As a result, the total tax revenue under this policy scheme from all 444 firms is about NT$ 160 millinos. The total tax revenue received from the other policy scheme that different tax rate is set for different effluent amount of waste water is about NT$ 230 millinos. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。