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題名 | Study on Laminar Hydathodes of Ficus Formosana (Moraceae)(Ⅱ).Morphogenesis of Hydathodes=細葉天仙果葉部泌水器的研究:(2) 泌水器的形態發育 |
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作者 | 陳淇釧; 陳榮銳; | 書刊名 | Botanical Studies |
卷期 | 47:3 民95.07 |
頁次 | 頁279-292 |
分類號 | 373.961 |
關鍵詞 | 末梢組織; 細葉天仙果; 泌水器; 形態發生; 裂生型細胞間隙; 水孔; Epithem; Ficus formosana maxim; Hydathodes; Morphogenesis; Schizogenous intercellular space; Water pore; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本研究藉由透明法、光學顯微鏡術、掃描與穿透電子顯微鏡術,觀察細葉天仙果葉部泌水器的發育過程,並且著重於描述末梢組織的發育。為了方便說明各發育階段的特色,葉部泌水器發育過程依葉片生長曲線分析將它區分定義為始原細胞期、細胞分裂期、細胞伸長與細胞分化期、及成熟期等四個階段。葉片發育初期,泌水器始原細胞開始出現於葉片上表面的巨大毛茸細胞附近;接著該始原細胞進行細胞分裂,藉由表皮層細胞的垂周分裂形成日後表皮細胞與水孔細胞,次表皮層細胞進行不規則的垂周與平周分裂形成一群細胞團,日後分別分化形成末梢組織、管胞與束鞘細胞層。待發育階段進入細胞生長與分化期,末梢組織的細胞因細胞內細胞質周圍特殊微小管排列的方向、細胞分泌的細胞壁分解酵素其作用及細胞伸長作用產生的張力作用等因子交互作用,使得末梢細胞生長呈成特別的多裂形狀,並且擴大了細胞間的細胞間隙;同時細胞的多裂形狀增加了細胞與其外界環境的接觸面積。此時期的管胞亦進行分化,另外表皮水孔細胞的細胞數目增加速率達到最大。隨著發育階段進入成熟期,末梢組織中的管胞逐漸成熟且具有導水功能,加上末梢組織與水孔成熟的配合,維管束末端管胞到水孔孔口的路徑得以暢通,泌溢作用更順利進行。有趣的是有關末梢組織的分化與成熟具有其方向性,從表皮水孔下方區域逐漸向內近管胞末端區域成熟,所以等到近管胞末端的末梢細胞分化成熟時泌溢作用更明顯易見。本研究結果就解剖學為泌溢作用研究提供了構造學基礎。 |
英文摘要 | The spatial and temporal morphogenesis of laminar hydathodes in Ficus formosana Maxim. f. shimadai Hayata was examined at light and electron microscopic levels. Four main stages of hydathode development, including initiation, cell division, cell elongation and differentiation, and maturation, can be identified. In the early stage of leaf development, the initial cells occur in the nearby region of a giant trichome. In the cell division stage, epidermal initial cells undergo anticlinal division to form epidermal cells and water pores. Subepidermal initial cells undergo anticlinal and periclinal divisions to produce a group of cells which further differentiate into epithem, tracheid cells, and a sheath layer of hydathodes. During the cell elongation and differentiation stage, epithem cells grow into lobe-shaped cells and separate from adjacent cells through schizogeny, caused by the arrangement of the cortical microtubules, the secretion of digesting enzymes acting on the cell wall, and the force and tension induced by cell growth. These factors not only cause the formation of lobed cells, but also enlarge the intercellular spaces of the epithem. The lobed epithem cells increase the contact regions between the cell and their environment. During the final stage, tracheids gradually mature within the epithem and develop their conductive function, by which water passes through the way between vein-ends and water pores to produce guttation. The pathway of epithem directional differentiation and maturation starts at the water pores and moves toward the region of vein-ends. Guttation is associated with the maturation of water pores, the epithem cells, and tracheid-ends. This study provides anatomical data of developmental events as a structural basis for understanding the hydathode's function. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。