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| 題 名 | 探討清代貴州苗族山林契約與女性經濟關係=Probe into the Mountain Forest Agreement of the Miao Nationality of Guizhou and Women's Economic Relation of Qing Dynasty |
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| 作 者 | 陳瑛珣; | 書刊名 | 僑光技術學院通觀洞識學報 |
| 卷 期 | 4 民94.08 |
| 頁 次 | 頁37-51 |
| 分類號 | 536.26、536.26 |
| 關鍵詞 | 少數民族; 契約文書; 山林經營; 地域社會; 婦女; The aboriginal; Agreement document; Forest economy; Region society; Female; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 探究自十八世紀以來貴州苗族在東南部清水江流域栽培杉樹,通過販賣林木參與漢人經濟活動。林業生產為一種天然資源開發利用的事業,雖然受地理條件限制,比起其他產業是較為粗放的工作。從生產一根木材開始至運材到平地貯木販賣為止,生產過程好比機械化一貫作業流程一樣,由輸入原料開始,經各部門加工裝備,組合以後才能成為產品出售。營利事業需要一套生產控制方法,才能夠獲利,林業生產也不例外。林業生產程序:每木調查、伐木造材、集材、裝材、運材、卸材、貯木等流程,才能順利將生產材出售。 山區少數民族以其生活山區的特質,「生於斯,長於斯」發展出一套自我生存模式。貴州少數民族雖然歸化清廷管轄,但因為地處偏遠山區,仍然屬於一「難治多盜」地區。而私人土地買賣、租佃、典當、招佃、鬮分以及銀錢借貸等項目的契約真實反映了人與人之間的社會經濟關係。少數民族跟滿族接觸的機會增加,有的少數民族不得不放棄原來刀耕火種生活,改採漢人定耕農作;也有一部份少數民族撐不了貨幣經濟的衝擊而喪失賴以維生的土地。林業成為錦屏縣苗族賴以維生之外,又能夠保存傳統生活不受漢人影響的最大靠山。由於這批貴州苗族內部所簽訂的契約文書,可以瞭解並分析少數民族如何與主動參與以漢族為中心的貨幣經濟活動,以林業產銷體系進而建立自己地域社會的經濟能力。 近來社會史研究,傾向於注重「地域社會」、「地方社會」、「在地社會」等議題。在這議題上,人群生活相會,發生社會關係,經由反覆的互相接觸,進一步形成社會關係網絡。少數民族獨具特色的生活形態,由於沒有文字記載,在地方志書中,一直受到忽視。少數民族在漢族移民的衝擊下,如何適應貨幣經濟社會,見之於契約文書便非常清楚。藉由山林契約類契字來討論當時鮮為人知的邊遠山區經濟行為,適足以從民族的、經濟的、山林的多面向,全方位地提供一個補白少數民族婦女生活史的機會。 |
| 英文摘要 | The production of forestry, for an undertaking which plants natural development and utilization of resources, though limited by geographical condition, compared with the work that other industries are comparatively extensive. Since producing a stick of timber to transporting the material till store the wood to traffic in level the land, its production process, it is the same to can be compared to the mechanized always procedure of the homework at present, imported raw materials to begin, is processed and equipped by every department, make up and become the products to sell. The commerical undertaking nees a set of production control method, can just make a profit, the production of forestry is no exception. Procedure of production of forestry: Every wood investigate, cut down wooden material, logging, load material with, transport material, unload material, procedure of storing the wood etc., could produce the material to sell smoothly. This article analyzes the economic system of timber cutting and transporting in the Qing-shui-jiang (清水江) area of Southeast Guizhou (貴州) since the 18th century, participate in the Hans' economic activity through trafficking the forest. The aboriginal of mountain area is with the specialty of its life mountain area, 'born and brought up here' develop a set of self- life styles. Though the ethnic minority of Guizhou (貴州) is melted in Imperial Palace of Qing (清) Dynasty and administered, but located in the remote mountain area, still belong to one area 'difficult to manage and steal more'. And the agreement such projects as the private land buying and selling, employing rent land, lot dividing into and money debit and credit sides, etc. has reflected the interpersonal social economic relation truly. The chance that the aboriginal contacts with the Han nationality increases, some aboriginals have to give up the life of slash-and-burning cutlivate originally, change to adopt the Hans and plough the farming cultivation of crops definitely; There is land that impact that some aboriginals can not prop up monetary economy lost and depended on supporting the family too. Forestry is it outside the Miao (苗) nationality, county of silk screen, is it support the family to depend on, can keep traditional heavy backer most that life free of the Hans to become. Agreement document signed from the Miao (苗) nationality of Guizhou (貴州) of this batch, can understand and analyze how aboriginals are with participating in the monetary economic activity taking the Han nationality as the centre voluntarily, then the economic ability of setting up the society of one's own region that the forestry of Israel produces and sells the system. The Miao (苗) nationality is under the impact of the Han (漢) nationality immigrant, how to adapt to the economic society of the currency, it is very clear to indicate in the agreement document. Discuss the mountain area economic behavior rarely know by the people at that time with the agreement contract word of mountain forest, right and enough from the facing more of national, economic, mountain forest, offer the chance of a filler aboriginals woman's life history omni-directionally. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。