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題名 | 從礦物營養觀點論香蕉硬心發生原因與預防=Causes for Banana Rubberiness and Its Prevention--From the Viewpoint of Mineral Nutrition |
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作 者 | 蔣世超; 張春梅; 陳美珍; 柯定芳; | 書刊名 | 臺灣園藝 |
卷期 | 52:3 民95.09 |
頁次 | 頁263-276 |
分類號 | 435.371 |
關鍵詞 | 香蕉; 香蕉硬心; 後熟品質; 穿刺阻力; 礦物營養; 肥培管理; Musa; Rubberiness of banana; Post-harvest quality; Puncture resistance; Mineral nutrition; Fertilization management; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 果肉硬心是台灣香蕉之後熟障礙。八十九年至九十一年四月至六月間,取樣調查的結果顯示,高屏地區外銷香蕉之硬心發生率在 1.35% 至 3.50% 之間。香蕉硬心在強酸性至中性土壤蕉園中均會發生,土壤交換性鉀低於適栽臨界值(0.38meq/l00g)、交換性鈣高於適栽臨界值(6.0 meq/l00g) ,或交換性鎂鉀比值大於 3.3 之蕉園,硬心發生率較低;組培苗蕉圍之硬心發生傾向較吸芽苗蕉園高。在肥培管理中加重鉀肥施用,可得到提升硬心發生與發生程度的結果,施用鈣肥則降低硬心的發生。香蕉果肉之硬心程度可以物性測定儀穿刺作定量與分級。硬心‘寶島蕉’之鉀含量隨硬心程度而增加,鈣含量則相反,鎂含量則以嚴重硬心果肉為最低,硬心‘北蕉’果肉之鉀、鎂含量差異均不顯著,鈣含量亦隨硬心程度降低。「低鈣」為硬心蕉果肉之重要生理特性。硬心果肉中,‘寶島蕉’ 鉀鈣及鎂鈣比值分別超過 195 及 13,‘北蕉’則在 145 及 10 以上。對於如何降低香蕉硬心之作法亦作說明。 |
英文摘要 | Banana rubberiness is a defect in the post-harvest quality of Taiwan bananas. Investigation results collected from April to June in the years between 2000 and 2002 in Kaohshiung and Pingtung districts revealed that the percentage of rubberiness for export Taiwan bananas was 1.35-3.50%. Banana rubberiness took place in banana plantations with soil pHs ranging from strong acidity to neutrality. Percentage of rubberiness was lower in the banana plantation with exchangeable potassium below 0.38 meq/l00g soil, or exchangeable calcium above 6.0 meq/100g soil, or the K/Ca ratio was greater than 3.3. Percentage and level of banana rubberiness could be raised as a result of overdosed potassium. In contrast, calcium supply had the advantage of lowering banana rubberiness. Bananas from tissue-cultured plants were more prone to rubberiness than those of sucker plants. The strength of banana rubberiness can be determined and catergorized using a universal testing machine(UTM) in company with a chewing test. In comparison with normally-ripened bananas, potassium content of rubbery ‘Formosana’ pulp increased with rubberiness, however, calcium content decreased with rubberiness. Magnesium content was found lowest in bananas with severe rubberiness. Likewise, calcium content decreased with rubberiness in 'Pei-Chiao', no differences in potassium and magnesium contents were shown between normal and rubbery bananas. Calcium in the rubbery banana pulp was consistently lower than that in the normal banana pulp, however, none of the soil chemical properties was related to banana rubberiness. In general, K/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of the rubbery ‘Formosana’ were greater than 195 and 13, respectively, and 145 and 10 for 'Pei-Chiao', respevtively. It was presumed that the rubberiness of bananas was associated with the shortage of calcium in banana plants. Short term and long term strageties to reduce the occurrence and level of banana rubberiness were also discussed. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。