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題名 | 核能電廠環境輻射偵測計畫評估與分析=Environmental Monitoring Assessment and Analysis for Nuclear Power Plants |
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作者姓名(中文) | 朱鐵吉; 蔡翠玲; 黃金益; 王昌齡; 陳啟鵬; 梁天瑞; | 書刊名 | 台電工程月刊 |
卷期 | 697 民95.09 |
頁次 | 頁39-51 |
分類號 | 449.62 |
關鍵詞 | 環境輻射監測; 顯著指標; Environmental radiation monitoring; XOQ; DOQ; Significant index; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 環境偵測作業中取樣規劃,必須排除可能出現的各種干擾因素,區分核設施排放的劑量貢獻,並兼顧可能排放核種、重要傳輸途徑和最高劑量的人口位置等重點;再詳細分析核種源項、氣象變化、人口與物產分布等要素,才能使監測數據具實質意義。然而實施環境輻射監測的成本效益也應符合經濟原則,根據以上考量所擬定的環境監測計畫,才能達到最適化的原則。 本計畫重點在於建立評估模式與相關資料庫,我們以獲得美國環保署認可之CAP88-PC作為氣態排放評估模式,並整理新近5年來(民國88至92年)我國各核電廠周圍之氣象變化、人口分布、農作物、膳食習慣等資料,分析核設施周圍環境輻射劑量的長期變動趨勢及影響。 本文首先以氣象參數與電廠排放源項來模擬放射性核種排放後,於電廠周圍所造成XOQ與DOQ之空間分布及個人與集體年劑量。再進一步考慮自然環境之天然障壁為限制因素;續佐以電廠周遭人口分布、物產分布等作為加權,推算出相對性顯著指標,並依顯著指標的高低排序,作為監測站址選擇依據。模擬結果顯示,透過最適化規劃後,僅需設置約目前半數測站,即可比現行作業的代表性更高。 |
英文摘要 | To distinguish the contribution from nuclear facilities discharges among the rest possible interfering factors is the primary rule of determining the sampling points in evironmental monitoring program. Three main principles including possible discharged nuclides, key transportation pathways and the location of critical groups should be considered first, and the source terms, meteorological conditions, distribution of population and commodities should also be analyzed to make the monitoring project reasonable. On the other hand, in order to achieve the optimization of monitoring program, the benefit and cost factor should be also taken into consideration. Building a reasonable and logical methodology of monitoring plan to achieve the goal of ALARA is the major purpose of the study. CAP88-PC is applied as simulation tool. Meteorological data, population distribution, products, and diet habits in the nuclear power plant neighborhood during the latest five years are inputs to realize the long-term tendency. First, of all, XOQ and DOQ distribution, individual and collective dose are determined at the neighborhood area of nuclear power stations within the 50 km radius. In the second stage the nature boundaries around the plants such as mountains and seas are taken into consideration. Those barries may restrict the transportation of discharaged nuclides within very small area. We use above-mentioned data weighted by population density or product amounts and then obtain the significant index, SI. While using significant index as sampling points citing criteria, only half points are needed, but the sampling representative may increase 50% to 100% compared to current monitoring program. It means that we can save at least 3 to 4 times monitoring cost through rearranging the sampling points following the optimization processes. Another important contribution of this study is the current monitioring plan properly adjusted to narrow down the main monitoring region to only 5 km radius near the plant while considering the natural boundaries effect. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。