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題名 | 二種新發現葉蟎在臺灣地區的田間發生觀察=Field Observation on 2 Newly Recorded Spider Mites in Taiwan |
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作者姓名(中文) | 何琦琛; 王順成; 簡毓伶; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
卷期 | 47:4 民94.12 |
頁次 | 頁391-402 |
分類號 | 433.3 |
關鍵詞 | 葉□; 田間觀察; 分布; 寄主植物; 天敵; 臺灣; Spider mite; Field observation; Distribution; Host plant; Natural enemies; Taiwan; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 路易氏始葉蟎( Eotetranychus lewisi McGregor )和伊凡氏葉( Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard )是新近發現存在於臺灣的二種葉蟎,作者調查監測其在臺灣地區的分布、寄主植物及天敵。路易氏始葉蟎主要發生於氣溫較涼爽的山區,平地發現的均在盆栽耶誕紅苗上。除耶誕紅外,也曾在羊蹄甲、葛藤和香蕉上發現其族群。在路易氏始葉蟎族群中曾發現多種捕食性的蟎類和昆蟲,並觀察到其中長毛捕植蟎( Amblyseius longispinosus (Evans) ) 、 Phytoseius minutus Narayanan et al. 、 Scolothrips sp. 、癭蠅幼蟲、小黑隱翅蟲( Oligota sp. )幼蟲及一種花?( Orius sp. )若蟲正在捕食路易氏始葉蟎。伊凡氏葉蟎被發現於臺灣本島大多數的縣份及金馬列島。在金馬列島,它能嚴重危害番茄、茄子及龍葵。在臺灣本島,雖然能在野生番茄上嚴重發生為害,但主要發現伊凡氏葉蟎的植物為龍葵。在伊凡氏葉蟎族群中發現有二種捕植蟎、癭蠅幼蟲及捕食性薊馬,並觀察到薊馬捕食伊凡氏葉蟎。 |
英文摘要 | The roles of both ammonium stress and cytokinin effect, played in the microshoot induction of rice by phosphinothricin (PPT)(1) have been studied. More microshoots were produced by the treatment combination of 100 mM ammonium sulfate applied at stage I and 50 mM at stage II of in vitro culture of rice buds, and this effect was significantly enhanced by benzyladenine (BA). Anatomical study indicated that the number of lateral buds was slightly increased under the high ammonium stress, and it was largely increased when coupled with BA treatment. This suggests that the primordia of lateral buds were induced by ammonium through the interruption of apical dominance. But the subsequent growth was possibly hampered by the high ammonium concentration in tissues, unless this effect was overcome by BA. The large increase of peroxidase activity, an indicator of cell division, in apical dome of microshoot 10 days after BA treatment, might support the subsequent growth of lateral buds. In addition, the successive increase of three key amino acids in glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT; EC 1.4.1.3) pathway, i.e., glutamine, glutamate and glycine, by BA, might be advantageous to the recovery of microshoot growth hampered by ammonium stress. |
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