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題 名 | 兩岸吸收外人直接投資之趨勢與影響比較分析=The Comparison of Impact and Trend of Foreign Direct Investment Across the Taiwan Strait |
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作 者 | 陳麗瑛; | 書刊名 | 經濟情勢暨評論 |
卷 期 | 11:3 民94.12 |
頁 次 | 頁30-51 |
分類號 | 563.52 |
關鍵詞 | 外人直接投資; 臺灣; 中國; 製造業; 服務業; Foreign direct investment; FDI; Taiwan; China; Manufacturing industry; Service industry; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 臺灣與中國的外人直接投資均包含華僑投資與外人投資兩種類型,但其發展趨勢與影響都略有不同。僑外資對臺灣之投資,早期(1960年當加工出口區設立時)以吸引華僑投資為主,1978年第二次石油危機平安渡過以後,外國人投資就一直高於華僑投資。1995年以後明顯減少。累計1952~2004年的僑外投資分業統計前三大依序為:電子及電器業、金融保險業、服務業。他們對臺灣經濟發展的影響因不同經濟發展階段而不同,近年主要為:(1)強化臺灣對外經貿關係;(2)促進國內就業機會;(3)增加黃內原料及零配件之國際採購;(4)提升國內研究發展的密集度及層次。 中國之外資和僑資在1990年經濟特區設立時開始引進,以港資為主。1992年鄧小平南巡後才加速成長。1990年代仍呈現忽正忽負的成長型態,直到2000年以後,外資才持續以兩位數成長迄今。至於近年外臺投資的產業結構,均以製造業為主,分別為71%及90%。外資對房地產業、租賃、商務服務業的投資比例則高多了。2004年以後因WTO入會要求,批發零售、交通運輸倉儲、住宿和餐飲、金融業等將是未來新興領域。外臺資對中國經濟發展之影響在於:(1)地方產業發展及所有權結構改變;(2)增進其國際貿易實力及誘發技術學習;(3)引進技術移轉,提升勞動生產力;(4)形成東亞產業分工效率;(5)影響沿海開放城市之服務業發展。 |
英文摘要 | Taiwan’s and China’s FDI both can be classified as investments from oversea Chinese and investment from foreigners. However the trend and impacts are somewhat different. Taiwan began to attract FDI when the export processing zones were established in 1960. The oversea Chinese were the major investors. Until 1978 (post oil crisis) the volume of FDI from foreign multinational companies started to exceed oversea Chinese ones. After 1995, Taiwan’s FDI showed negative growth. Accumulating the statistics from 1952 to 2004, the top three FDI industries are: electrical and electronic products and components, banking and insurance, service industry. The impacts of FDI to Taiwan’s industrial development are different by stages. The recent rend shows on (1) strengthening Taiwan’s external economic relations (2) Promoting domestic employment (3) increasing the international procurement of domestic materials and components (4) promoting domestic R&D density and level. As to the trend and impacts of FDI to China’s economy, the initial FDI sources started from the establishment of Special Economic Zones in 1980. The Hong Kong investment took 60% to 70% in 1980s. it was until 1992 after Deng made southern visit for confirming the long-term reform and open policies, the FDI volume started to growth significantly. However the growth pattern was not stable. It was until 2000, the FDI increase stable in two-digit growth rate. The top three FDI industries in China from 1997 to 2004 are: manufacturing, real estate and related business, wholesales and retails and transportation logistics related industries. Finance and banking is a newly growing FDI field in 2004 (after WTO entry). The impact of FDI to China’s economy are on: (1) promoting local industrial development and ownership structure (2) promoting international trade and inducing technology learning (3) technology transfer and promoting labor productivity (4) formulating manufacturing efficiency and division of labor in East Asia (5) influencing the development of service industries in coastal open cities. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。