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題名 | 《抱朴子.內篇》養生觀的民俗內涵=The Meaning of Folklore of the Concept for Searching Health in "Pau-Pu-Tz, Internal Chapter" |
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作者 | 尤純純; 夏聖芳; Yu, Chun Chun; Hsia, Sheng Fang; |
期刊 | 樹人學報 |
出版日期 | 20050700 |
卷期 | 3 民94.07 |
頁次 | 頁1-16 |
分類號 | 123.42 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 抱朴子; 養生觀; 民俗文化; Pau-pu-tz; The concept for searching health; Folk culture; |
中文摘要 | 民俗醫療的思維是社會集體生活中智慧和經驗的累積,以民族獨特的文化模式和詮釋理論來說明病因、病理、治療和預防的方法。這些智慧的結晶不是來自於科學的實證,而是承繼於原始時代的宇宙觀和生命觀。民俗醫療是一種泛文化的觀念與行為體系,糾纏著龐大複雜的象徵符號與生態文化,每一個具體操作事項的背後都必然地受到文化的制約與價值的規範,是集體生活方式下物質與精神層面的總體綜合而成。理智的知識系統與巫術的信仰系統都是原始人類根據日常生活經驗而得的結果,在巫術及反巫術的驗證中,推進人類各種知識與技能的發展,中國傳統醫學即在此巫術與實證的思考當中奠下各種病理、診斷和治療規律的基礎。 中國在秦漢以後,主導民俗社會思想主流的道教借用先秦老莊及漢初黃老的哲學概念,並吸收原始思維及巫術系統,加上醫療的實證經驗,形成道教文化的內容,並據以蓬勃發展。神仙道教中的醫藥學稱為「道教醫藥學」,他們的醫療觀念可說是民間醫療文化的基底,堅信經過修煉、導引、行氣、服食、房中術等方法,人人都能長生不死,羽化而登仙。道教又將古代巫術與醫療結合,如以符籙、禁咒、祈讓、齋醮等巫術召神通鬼而祛病延年,祈福消災,故珍惜生命,追求超脫,不為世俗的物質世界所牽絆,而得登臨極度自由的神仙世界。因此,道家提出一套獨特的保健養生之法,是對人體、宇宙、自然環境、萬物知識的總合探討,據此養生之法可得知:社會結構與文化環境對中國醫學理論的形成和發展有主導性的作用。 《抱朴子.內篇》包含神仟、方藥、鬼怪、變化、養生、延年、禳邪、卻禍之事共二十卷,對秦漢以來神仙方術的精華作了總結。可說是一部道教養生大全,在養生、治療及成仙的探討上可見中國人對整體生命運作的思考邏輯,亦可以此建構民俗社會對生理、心理整合醫療的運作模式及文化內涵。葛洪的養生觀是建立在傳統的民俗文化基礎之上,呈現中國內在文化性的精神關懷和身心的實踐,中國的民俗文化注重和諧,落實在對個體的照顧上是維持身心內外的均衡和諧,追求自我與社會,自我與大自然的對應和諧,將形而下的「身體」提昇至形而上的「道」,由此顯現民俗文化的深層意涵與精髓。 本文擬由民俗醫療的角度切入,追溯《抱朴子.內篇》有關養生概念的源頭,並在探討其養生原則與方法之中檢視民俗文化的精髓。 |
英文摘要 | The main thought of folk medicine is the wisdom and the experience which were accumulated in the society, and to explain the way of etiology, pathology, therapy and prevention with racial special model of culture and theory. The result of wisdom doesn't come from the proof of the science; it is originated from the concept of cosmos and meaning of life. Folk medicine is a kind of idea and behavior of culture. Each concrete operating item is controlled by the limitation of culture and value, which are the combination of material and spirit in the society. In China, after Chin and Han dynasty, Taoism is the main religion that leads the folk society system, which consists of the original thought and sorcery system, forms the culture of Taoism, and develops vividly. Chinese herb medicine, which called Taoism medicine, become the basis of folk medicine, which believed that everybody can live forever through body and soul practice, exercise, breath, taking Chinese herb medicine, and the method of sexual skill. Taoism is also combines the ancient sorcery and the medicine. For example, people cure disease with spell and enchantment, so Taoism chase for becoming a fairy. The special skill for health of Taoism comes from the knowledge of human body, cosmos, nature environment, and biology. According to the theory of skill for health, we can get the conclusion that construction of society and environment of culture have great influence on the forming and development of Chinese medicine. The book, “Pau-Pu-Tz, internal chapter”, of twenty chapters, included the chapters searching for the spirit and soul, herb medicine, ghost, life change, skill for health, the way of prolong life, how to beat evil, and prevent disaster, was the summary book. It includes the method of searching health-Taoism. Kao-Hon, the writer of “Pau-Pu-Tz”, whose concept of health was based on the traditional folk culture, talked about the sincerely part of internal culture of China. Chinese folk culture emphasizes on the balance on everything, includes the balance between nature and oneself, between society and oneself, even between ones own body and spirit. In this article, I want to search for the original of the method about skill for health in “Pau-Pu-Tz”, then outlooks the essence of folk culture during discussing the principle and method of “Pau-Pu-Tz” for health. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。