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題名 | 魁北克獨立運動之族群與非族群因素=The Essence of Quebec Independence Movement |
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作 者 | 紀舜傑; | 書刊名 | 臺灣國際研究季刊 |
卷期 | 1:1 民94.春 |
頁次 | 頁83-99 |
專輯 | 加拿大民主政治 |
分類號 | 574.53 |
關鍵詞 | 加拿大認同; 寧靜革命; 魁北克人黨; 公民投票; Canadian identity; Silent revolution; Parti Qu'eb'ecois; Referendum; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 人類近代史上多數的分離或是獨立運動大都發生在被殖民或是 被強權壓迫的國家,西方所謂的民主先進國家中只有加拿大面臨長 期且具有相當規模的分離運動。魁北克獨立運動的波折難產,證明 了在一個高度民主發展的國家推動分離運動是非常困難的一件事。 一個分離運動的產生可能源自於人民兩種情感的交互影響:疑懼與 信心。疑懼來自欲脫離的族群成員擔憂他們的文化、經濟、和政治 制度會在現有的體制下遭到貶低而逐漸消失。與此情感相對或互為 因果的是信心,這種信心來自欲脫離的族群成員自信脫離現有體制 後,不論是在文化保存和發揚光大、經濟勢力提升、或是政治權力 保障上都會比留下來更好,而且脫離的風險不是太高。以此兩種情 感檢驗魁北克的獨立運動,在繼續留在加拿大聯邦體制中的疑懼上, 由於上述寧靜革命後,法語文化的主體性得到相當程度的尊重,許 多以往明顯的文化尊卑情況也獲得改善,加上有許多魁北克人進入 聯邦政府的高階位置,這也間接強化聯邦政府的正當性。 |
英文摘要 | This paper is aimed to explore the essential elements behind Quebec’s independent movements. The common story regarding Quebec’s struggle for independence is due to ethnic conflicts between francophone and Anglophone in the last two centuries. However, the Quebec nationalism is emerging with several aspects of vision; including cultural, social, economic, and political identities. Accordingly, the pushing and triggering forces are seen in those domains. The dominance and withdrawal of Catholic Church also played significant role along the Quebec’s independent movements. Freed from Catholic structural constraints, the Quebecois was able to develop their modern social institutions, especially in education and economy. Prior to the Silent Revolution in the 1960s, language right was the major issue at stake. But after French prevailed in Quebec, the independent movements became the search for a confident and competent identity of Quebecois. It was never easy for a secession movement, let alone one in a well-developed democracy. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。