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題名 | 加拿大選舉制度改革之探討=A Study on the Electoral Reform in Canada |
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作者姓名(中文) | 李憲榮; | 書刊名 | 臺灣國際研究季刊 |
卷期 | 1:1 民94.春 |
頁次 | 頁53-82 |
專輯 | 加拿大民主政治 |
分類號 | 574.533 |
關鍵詞 | 加拿大; 選舉制度; 選制改革; Canada; Electoral system; Electoral reform; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 台灣國會(立法院)現行之選舉制度「複數選區一票制」久為 社會所詬病,為順應社會輿論,立法院已通過憲法增修條文修正案, 朝向「單一選區、兩票制」。目前加拿大所採之國會選舉制度正是「單 一選區相對多數決」,但最近數年來,加拿大社會各界對此種選制亦 多詬病,改革之聲很大。 改革者認為「單一選區相對多數決」嚴重扭曲選舉的結果,一 方面使某些政黨取得不當的執政權,另一方面使社會弱小族群無法 取得國會的席位,並且破壞民主制度的「票票等值」原則。加拿大 選制改革的運動已有三十多年的歷史,「加拿大公平選舉聯盟」已 2000 年初秋成立,致力於選制改革,朝向「政黨比例代表制」的方向, 但至今大功並未告成。 加拿大選制改革未成的原因有幾:(一) 選制改革牽涉到修憲, 而修憲極為困難;(二) 歷史悠久的政黨受現行制度之惠不願改革;(三) 民眾對政黨和政治人物的信任度一向不高,此種不信任感反映在選 制改革上;(四) 魁獨問題和聯邦體制之問題一向佔有加拿大政治的 核心,選制改革被這些問題掩蓋;(五) 民眾對選舉制度缺乏了解, 選制的良窳難辨,難以匯成改革力量;(六) 支持改革之政黨和團體 缺乏資源,推動改革欲振乏力。 學者認為,而且各國選制改革的經驗也顯示,漸近式的改革成 功的機會較大。加拿大的選制改革或可採漸近式的方式,一部分保 留原有的「單一選區相對多數決」制度,一部分採用改革者所希望 的比例代表制,或許較有成功的可能性。 |
英文摘要 | The “Multi-member Plurality” electoral system for the Taiwan’s national legislature has long been denounced and the Legislative Yuan recently passed a constitutional amendment proposal to change it to a mixed system of “Single Member Plurality” and Proportional Representation. Canada has used “Single Member Plurality” electoral system for years. This system has been under severe criticism and a reform movement is underway. The reformists believe that the “Single Member Plurality” system gravely twists the results of elections, granting more parliamentary seats to some political parties than their popular votes warrant, on the one hand, and impeding small and disadvantaged groups to gain parliamentary seats, on the other. It also seriously violates the paramount democratic principle of equality. The electoral reform movement has been undergoing in Canada for some 30 years and in the fall of 2000 “Fair Vote Canada” was formed to promote a “proportional representation” system to replace the current system. So far no success has come of the reform. There are several reasons for it: (1) Electoral reform involves constitutional revision which is highly difficult; (2) Well established political parties have been benefited by the system and do not want to have it reformed; (3) The public has long placed little trust on political parties and politicians and this reflects on the electoral reform; (4) The issues of Quebec independence and federal system reform have dominated the political agenda in Canada and the issue of electoral reform has been overshadowed; (5) It is difficult to mobilize the public which lacks adequate knowledge about electoral systems to support the reform; and (6) The political party and private groups which lead the reform have rather limited resources to push the reform. Some scholars believe, and electoral reform experiences in various countries have demonstrated, that gradual reforms have a better chance of success. Canada’s electoral reform may have a better chance of success if it adopts a compromise of combining the current “Single Member Plurality” system with the proportional representation system that reformers desire. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。