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題 名 | 加拿大多邊主義外交與治理--持續與轉變=Canadian Multilateralist Diplomacy and Governance: Continuity and Change |
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作 者 | 吳得源; | 書刊名 | 臺灣國際研究季刊 |
卷 期 | 1:1 民94.春 |
頁 次 | 頁1-29 |
專 輯 | 加拿大民主政治 |
分類號 | 578.8531 |
關鍵詞 | 多邊主義; 多層治理; 中型國家; 加美關係; 公共外交; 靜默外交; Multilateralism; Multilayered governance; Middle power; Canadian-American relationship; Public diplomacy; Quiet diplomacy; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 加拿大外交政策實踐,一直圍繞在「多邊主義」的精神上,特 別強調外交作為需建立在多邊政策網絡建構與充分諮商的基礎之 上。這種實踐模式的形成,歷史上與「中型國家」理念的提出和「加 美關係」考量有相當關連。就實例而言,這種「多邊主義」精神, 過去相當程度表現在加國與中華人民共和國建交談判的過程之上。 當時,加國政府訊息交換的對象,除了傳統北約盟國外,更包括澳、 紐、瑞典等「中型國家」、開發中國家如:巴基斯坦、印度,以及處 於潛在利害衝突的蘇聯、義大利與中華民國。這是一種建立在傳統 國家行為者單一層級,以政府對政府兩兩互動構成的車輻式政策網 絡型態。 在後冷戰時代,加拿大外交實踐則逐漸呈現「多層治理」型態, 也就是由政府外交部門與非政府組織緊密合作,參與國際組織與會 議,共同構築跨國性、蛛網式多邊政策網絡。同時,此一階段的外 交政策持續保有過去「志同道合國家」間進行議題功能合作、多邊 諮商的精神,也就是:透過與若干長期合作對象,如:澳洲、紐西 蘭及挪威等北歐「中型國家」相結盟;但同時,也視政策議題範圍 性質不同,再進一步納入不同的其他「志同道合」國家為合作夥伴; 並將多邊夥伴關係與諮商對象擴及國內外非政府組織。就「渥太華 除雷公約」與「羅馬規約」例子而言,加國這種「多層治理」外交 甚至成功克服了美國政府刻意缺席或反對所帶來的險阻。 |
英文摘要 | The practice of Canadian diplomacy consistently revolves around the principle of “multilateralism,” with a special emphasis upon coalition- and network-building and sufficient consultation. In historical context, this practice was closely related to the idea of “middle power” and the deliberation of “Canadian-American relationship.” Its spirit was largely present in the process of Stockholm negotiations between Canada and the People’s Republic of China, 1969-70. At the time, Canada provided or exchanged information with traditional NATO allies, “middle powers,” including Australia, New Zealand and Sweden, as well as some states that might clash with the Canadian policy move. This phase of multilateralist diplomacy was characterized with single-leveled, cob-shaped, multilateral policy network composed of government-to-government mutual interactions. In post Cold War era, Canadian foreign policy is further oriented toward “multilayered governance.” That is, government and NGOs build a close partnership in participating in international organizations and conferences as well as forge transnational and multilateral policy networks. Meanwhile, the practice of consultation and selective coalition-building among Like-Minded States with respective specialization on some functional issue areas persists. In the cases of the “Ottawa process” and “Rome Statute for International Criminal Court,” the Canadian multilayered governance had successfully overcome possible hurdles created by the absence or objection of the American government. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。