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題 名 | 基準點和經濟分析=Benchmarks and Economic Analysis |
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作 者 | 熊秉元; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 36 民94.07 |
頁 次 | 頁45-77 |
分類號 | 550.1 |
關鍵詞 | 基準點; 參考座標; 經濟分析; Benchmark; Reference framework; Economic analysis; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 對經濟論述和一般社會大眾而言,基準點都很重要;可是,在經濟學的文獻裡,卻很少探討這個主題。基準點可以分成兩類:理論式基準點和行為式基準點。學者論述時,是根據現有的成果為基礎,往前添增新見;論述與論述之間的爭議,往往是因為援用了不同的基準點。此外,人的行為,通常隱含「認知、思維、反應」的過程;無論是哪一個環節,都是以過去累積的經驗為基準。一般人所在乎的因素,可能和學理上想當然爾式的判斷不同。抽象來看,基準點是一種工具;在工具的選擇、運用、維護上,都受到成本效益考量的影響。一般人的世界觀,是經驗方程式;而經濟分析,則隱含行為方程式。經濟分析所隱含的世界觀,經過適當的剪裁和包裝,確實可以作為一般人思維判斷的依據。 |
英文摘要 | This paper focuses on a concept that has attracted relatively little attention in the literature, even though the concept is important to both theoretical analysis and human behavior in general. In particular, the concept of benchmark and its implications are explored. In advancing an argument, economists are taking the existing literature as the departing point and trying to have value-added. Controversies and/or debates between economists are often related to the fact that their arguments are based on different benchmarks. In addition, benchmarks are also prevalent in the other social sciences, with Weber's ideal types in sociology and various doctrines in legal studies as clear examples. Alternatively, human behavior goes through the sequence of cognition, reasoning, and response; each and every link of the sequence is related to past experience which serves as a benchmark. However, the factors relevant to an individual for a given situation, say, voting, may be different from what economists believe them to be. Both theoretical and behavioral benchmarks are illustrated and a synthesis is provided. In essence, benchmarks are tools, as such the functioning and maintenance of this tool are affected by cost/benefit considerations releavent to all tools. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。