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題 名 | 以氣象資料為基礎之旱作灌溉管理策略研究=Study on Irrigation Management Strategy Based on Climatic Data |
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作 者 | 蘇明道; 鄭國誠; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷 期 | 42:1 1996.03[民85.03] |
頁 次 | 頁30-43 |
分類號 | 434.2571 |
關鍵詞 | 灌溉; 灌溉管理; 土壤水分; 作物因子; 自動化; Irrigation; Irrigation management; Soil moisture; Crop coefficient; Automation; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 以往臺灣之灌溉以水稻為主,水稻灌溉管理之發展已趨於成熟,旱作之灌溉管理則尚在發展階段,為了達到灌溉自動化及有效使用有限水資源之目的,旱作灌溉需要一良好合理之控制策略做為灌溉管理之基礎。本研究嘗試以氣象資料為基礎建立旱作灌溉管理模式,研究中以嘉南水利會學甲旱作灌溉試驗站農作區之氣象資料為依據,經由蒸發散量經驗式估算出每天之最大可能蒸發散量,進而依作物因子與土壤水分因子等係數校正以推估實際蒸發散量,於考慮有效雨量後藉由根系土層之水收支平衡推估每日之土壤含水量,並利用學甲試驗站實測之土壤含水量校正推估之土壤含水量,建立以氣象資料為基礎之土壤含水量推估模式。在土壤水份推估模式建立後,本研究並評估以不同土壤水份消耗量作為灌溉基準之各種旱作灌溉策略,獲知不同之旱作灌溉基準與施灌水量、有效雨量利用之間的關係,做為日後旱作灌溉管理決策之參考。 |
英文摘要 | Rice was the major crop in Taiwan, and most of the irrigation is done mainly for rice. The development of irrigation management for rice has been mature, but that for dry crops is still under development. This research is to use climatic data to set up the irrigation management for dry crops. Daily potential evapor-transpiration was estimated from local climatic data though the use of empirical evapor-transpiration estimation equations with adequate crop coefficients. The actual evapor-transpiration was then estimated by the soil moisture factor to account the available soil moisture level. The soil moisture tracking model was set up by doing the water budget in the root zone through the use of actual evapotranspiration, irrigation, and effective rainfall. The soil moisture content was then estimated on daily basis. Data from the farming area of Hsue-Chia Irrigation Experiment Station of Chia-Nan Irrigation Association in Southern Taiwan were used for the calibration and verification of the model. The soil moisture tracking model was then used in this research to evaluate various kinds of irrigation management strategies. Different irrigation standards were used and their impacts were evaluated. It is found that low irrigation standard may cut down the irrigation frequency and may have a better use of the natural rainfall. But yield and production quality may also be lowered from the use of low irrigation standard. A closed look from economical analysis was suggested for better evaluation. The soil moisture tracking model built in this study can be used as a basis for irrigation automation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。