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- Vaccination for Hepatitis B
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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | Vaccination for Hepatitis B=B型肝炎疫苗注射 |
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作者 | 林憲宏; 王豊裕; Lin, Hans Hsienhong; Wang, Li-yu; |
期刊 | 慈濟醫學 |
出版日期 | 20051000 |
卷期 | 17:5 民94.10 |
頁次 | 頁303-309+381 |
分類號 | 415.5332 |
語文 | eng |
關鍵詞 | B型肝炎病毒; 疫苗注射; B型肝炎疫苗; Hepatitis B virus; Vaccination; Hepatitis B vaccine; |
中文摘要 | B型肝炎可以引起急性及慢性肝炎,並且會導致肝硬化及肝癌等後遺症。B型肝炎病毒感染有明顯的地理變異性存在,包括臺灣在內的東亞及東南亞國家是B型肝炎的高度流行區。在大規模B型肝炎疫苗注射以前,臺灣一般族群之B型肝炎帶原率高達15%至20%。從1984年開始,臺灣所有B型肝炎帶原者母親之新生兒均免費接受注射B型肝炎疫苗及B型肝炎免疫球蛋白,成功地阻斷B型肝炎之垂直感染。從1986年開始,免費B型肝炎疫苗注射擴展至全體新生兒,B型肝炎之感染率及帶原率隨著直線下降,目前已經達到歐美先進國家之水準。兒童肝癌發生率,也顯著下降。全面B型肝炎疫苗注射的成功推展,降低了社區中帶原者人數,也減少B型肝炎新感染的機率。但是有些高危險群,仍然有被感染的機會。由於B型肝炎感染會造成嚴重之後遺症,而現行上市之疫苗安全性高,臨床醫師應該盡量找出易受感染者,並為之注射疫苗。大約有5%至10%接受疫苗注射者無抗體產生。假如感染之機率高,可以給予第二次的疫苗注射。增加疫苗劑量或皮內注射可以增加一部分的反應。新的疫苗包括多種表面蛋白、特殊加強劑、DNA疫苗等,仍在研究中。 |
英文摘要 | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic hepatitis, with sequelae of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV infection is endemic in East and Southeast Asia including Taiwan. The HBV carrier rate ranged from 15% to 20% of the general population in different areas in Taiwan before the implementation of mass hepatitis B vaccination. Since 1984, active and passive immunization with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin given after birth have successfully blocked vertical transmission of HBV in Taiwan. Since the implementation of mass hepatitis B vaccination for all newborns in 1986, the infection rate and carrier rate of HBV has significantly decreased over the years to levels similar to those in the United States and Western Europe. The incidence of childhood hepatocellular carcinoma has also significantly decreased. The success of the mass hepatitis B vaccination program reduced the HBV carrier pool in the community. However, certain groups still have high risks of HBV infection. Because of the serious consequences of HBV infection, and because of the safety profile of licensed hepatitis B vaccines, clinicians should attempt to identify and vaccinate persons at risk for infection. Around 5% to 10% of subjects are non-responders to standard hepatitis B vaccination. If the risk of infection is considerable, a second series of HBV vaccinations should be given. Higher doses or multiple intradermal injections may increase the responsiveness. New vaccines including some with mixed HBV proteins, or special adjuvants and DNA vaccines are under investigation. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。