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題 名 | 天地分合:明代嘉靖朝郊祀禮議論之考察=Heaven and Earth, Separated or United? Observations on the Controversies Concerning the State Sacrifice of Jiao during the Jiajing Reign of the Ming Dynasty |
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作 者 | 張璉; | 書刊名 | 漢學研究 |
卷 期 | 23:2=47 民94.12 |
頁 次 | 頁161-196 |
分類號 | 533.2 |
關鍵詞 | 郊祀禮; 祭天; 禮制; 嘉靖; 明代; State sacrifice of Jiao; Offering rites to heaven; Ceremony; Jiajing; Ming dynasty; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 傳統國家禮制中最隆動的郊祀禮,是以古代經典為依據,但在行為實踐上屢屢成為議論的焦點,千餘年未得論,議論的主軸,主要圍繞在天地「合祀」或是「分祀」的問題上。但明嘉靖朝定意更定郊祀禮,由天地合祀改為天地分祀,於嘉靖九年(1495)在廟堂上開闢一議禮擂臺,要文武百官對郊祀禮公開表達看法,廷臣們也多悉心考索禮制源流與禮義詮釋,其中以主張天地合祀的議述居多,卻與世宗立意分祀的導向明顯不同,在君臣相互交錯衝撞之際,可觀察出為臣者的理論基礎與政治理念。歷代天地分合的擾攘紛爭,在喜靖朝達到顛峰,也在嘉靖朝做了總結,自此以後至清帝制結束之前,郊祀禮採天地分祀未再更動。 |
英文摘要 | The solemn state sacrifice of Jiao郊祀, a part of the institution of the traditional imperial rites, was supposedly based on the ancient classics; however, in practice it often became the focus of controversy over differing interpretations, with no final conclusion being reached on the issue for a thousand years. The crux of the debate revolved around the topic of “united” or “separated” rites of offering to Heaven and Earth. Until the time of the Jiajing嘉靖reign of the Ming dynasty, the separated offering rite was changed to the united form. In the ninth year of the Jiajing period, the emperor Shizong世宗openedan arena of ritual discussion, asking his subjects to publicly express their own points of view regarding the state sacrifice of Jiao. The subjects all meticulously examined the sources of the ritual institution, as well as the explanations of ritual meaning, and most of their expositions supported the so-called “united offering rite” 合祀, which had been against the original intention of Shizong, who had in fact expected the “separated offering rite” 分祀 to be upheld. Through the exchanges and conflicts between the sovereign and his subjects, the theories and political ideas of the latter can be seen, and constitute a unique topic of research. The dispute in past dynasties regarding the “separated” or “united” offering rites reached is peak and also concluded during the Jiajing period. Henceforth, the separated offering rite to Heaven and Earth became the standard practice of the state sacrifice of Jiao until the end of the Qing dynasty. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。