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題 名 | 丹巴縣嘉絨藏族的家屋社會與環境資源的永續性=House Society and Environmental Resource Sustainability of rGyalrong Tibetans in Denba County |
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作 者 | 蔡博文; 鍾明光; 羅永清; 林嘉男; | 書刊名 | 臺灣人類學刊 |
卷 期 | 12:2 2014.12[民103.12] |
頁 次 | 頁53-83 |
分類號 | 536.25 |
關鍵詞 | 家屋社會; 永續發展; 環境資源; 嘉絨藏族; House society; Sustainable development; Environmental resource; The rGyalrong Tibetan; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 丹巴縣位處中國西南藏彝民族廊道上,是四川省境內嘉絨藏族的主要聚 居地,聚落多位於大渡河上游兩側陡峭的山麓堆積平台,土地利用多以農業 為生,係藏彝走廊內少數的農業區域。家屋是丹巴地區藏族在聚落經營上所 呈現的在地知識的體現,也是塑造丹巴地區藏族聚落地景的重要驅力。嘉絨 藏族特有的家屋繼承制度,建構了其特殊的繼嗣群與勞動交換網絡,而家屋 建築的營造,除了展示其豐沛的在地知識與工法,更成為建構其農業地景的 物質基礎。家屋內部的空間利用,非只反映了嘉絨藏族的生活需求,同時也 將家屋與週邊環境資源緊密連結,體現了家屋在聚落土地利用的驅動角色。 近年來關注環境資源治理的研究學者,多將其視角轉向在地文化社群, 其日常生活中所富含的歷史、文化、生態、資源運用等在地知識(local knowledge)。這些知識如何與現代的永續利用、生物多樣性、文化多元 性、土地倫理、及自然資源經營管理等議題相互影響。本研究透過家屋社會 (house society)的觀點,討論以家屋社會為主體的藏族文化社群,如何藉 由鑲嵌於家屋社會中的長嗣繼承、勞動交換與傳統工法等制度的轉譯,形塑 人地和諧的聚落地景,經由協同治理共有的環境資源,達成自然環境的調適與資源利用的永續性,形成自給自足的生活體系,體現在地知識與環境資源永續發展的連結。 |
英文摘要 | Recent studies of environmental resource governance turn their attention to the relationships between local knowledge and issues of sustainability, biodiversity, land use ethics, and resource management. This study selects Denba(丹巴)as the target of interest. Denba is located in Ganzi(甘孜)Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, which is an autonomous prefecture in Sichuan Province in southwestern China. Residents of Denba belong to the rGyalrong(嘉絨)ethnic group which was certified as the rGyalrong Tibetan officially in 1954 by China government. Those Tibetan communities have lived on deep slopeland for hundreds of years and survived in a self-sufficient way. The population in 2003 was 2948 persons in 551 households. Most of them were Tibetan. This study discusses the sustainable landscape in such marginal area in terms of a special social institution--house society. The translation of primogeniture, labor exchange and traditional knowledge into sustainable resource management is explored. High resolution satellite imagery was used to identify major land use types and their configurations. Field survey and interviews were employed to investigate the social and cultural aspects of the research issues. Results show that a house for a family is an exemplification of local knowledge as well as the driving force for shaping landscape. The inheritance system of a house establishes a special social and labor network. The construction of a house demonstrates the rGyalrong Tibetan's traditional skill and knowledge. The layout of a house corresponds to their daily activities and the utilization of natural resources. This indicates that the house society is a crucial issue for the sustainability of this Tibetan landscape. The spatial configuration of the landscape demonstrates the local intelligence of resource management including the terraces for cultivation, the woods between terraces for water resource conservation and building materials, the drainage system for irrigation, the use of fragmental land around houses, the seasonal grazing in alpine grasslands, and so on. The suitability of land use is actually embedded in their social institutions which are centered in the house society. However, this sustainable landscape has begun to change. We have observed the impact on traditional social institutions of phenomena such as tourism activities, dam construction, and the forest restoration policy in recent years. The challenge becomes the community adaptation to this impact. This will be an interesting issue for further research. It also reminds us that sustainability is a dynamic process. The interactions between man and environment as well as the response to the environmental, economic and political change should be considered simultaneously. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。