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題名 | Sorption Competition and Mechanisms of Desorption of Heavy-Metal Contaminants from Kaolin Clays Using Surfactant Solutions of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate=應用十二烷基硫酸酯鈉界面活性劑水溶液於受過重金屬污染的高嶺土之吸附競爭與脫附機制 |
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作者 | 陳文章; 蕭來春; 蘇裕隆; | 書刊名 | Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers |
卷期 | 36:2 民94.03 |
頁次 | 頁147-159 |
分類號 | 460.024 |
關鍵詞 | 十二烷基硫酸酯鈉界面活性劑; 重金屬污染; 高嶺土; 吸附; 脫附; Heavy-metal removal; Kaolin clay; Surfactant; Sorption; Desorption; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 吾人利用含銅(Ⅱ)、鎳(Ⅱ)等金屬離子之高嶺土懸浮液系統作爲環境友好的分離研究之模型,探討其中路易士酸鹼交互作用與疏水性引力驅動之競爭吸附、十二烷基硫酸酯鈉界面活性劑之微胞結構的轉相、以及從粒子中脫附出重金屬污染物等行爲,發現與受過重金屬污染的高嶺土之洗滌原理方法皆相當關連;因此於本文中歸納出一套創新的洗滌機制,可以用來描述界面活性劑如何經由酸鹼交互作用與疏水性引力兩種機制之同時結合,而進行清洗且移除出高嶺土中的重金屬污染物之程序。研究方法乃先以單成分與雙成分金屬離子之水溶液,分別在20℃、pH6.5進行高嶺土的吸附等溫線測量,實驗結果顯示:在雙成分系水溶液中,路易士酸性的銅離子在路易士鹼性的高嶺土表面基之吸附量約爲線鎳離子的四倍;受過人工污染各含有0.447mg銅/g、0.137mg鎳/g吸附的高嶺土,並無法再以清水重新洗滌出超出1%之重金屬離子;再者,以不同的界面活性劑劑量、pH、溫度、時間、固含量進行各種操作條件下之洗滌比較實驗,測試結果顯示:在pH6.5之單批次洗滌下,添加5000 mg/L十二烷基硫酸鈉界面活性劑可分別清洗且移除出高嶺土中23%銅、60%鎳等金屬離子;若在pH5.5之單批次洗滌下,添加5000 mg/L十二烷基硫酸酯鈉界面活性劑再併用10 mg/L稀硝酸時,則從原有高嶺土之重金屬離子移除率分別提高至60%銅與63%鎳等。本文中之實驗結果可以藉由一套新三段式洗滌機制之提出而得到較合適的解釋:(1)從水溶液中微胞所解離出之路易士鹼性的界面活性劑陰離子,藉由酸鹼交互作用與疏水性引力之驅動,而大量吸附于受過得金屬污染的高嶺土表面上;(2)由於在固液界面處之吸附層結構轉相後,路易士鹼性的界面活性劑陰離子與路易士酸性的重金屬陽離子形成穩定的微胞型酸鹼複合體;(3)最後經由靜電荷斥力之驅動,微胞型界面活性劑之重金屬複合體開始進行脫附於水溶液中,不再返回於高嶺土表面上。 |
英文摘要 | A new mechanism based on a combination of acid-base interactions and hydro- phobic attraction at the solid-water interface is proposed for the surfactant-enhanced washing of heavy-metal-contaminated kaolin clays. Batch washing mechanisms for kaolin clay suspension, which was chosen as a model system for the environmentally friendly separation of copper (Ⅱ) and nickel (Ⅱ) metal ions, were studied with respect to the sorption competition at the clay interface via acid-base interactions and hydrophobic attraction, transformation of the micellar structure of sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactants, and desorption of heavy metals off the particle surfaces. The sorption onto kaolin clays of heavy-metal ions from single- and binary-metal solutions was observed through isotherm tests conducted at 20℃ and pH 6.5. In binary systems, the adsorption of acidic Cu²+ onto the basic surface sites of kaolin clays is four times higher than that of Ni²+. Metal-spiked kaolin clays containing both 0.447 mg copper/g kaolin and 0.137 mg nickel/g kaolin were washed out less than 1% of each metal contaminant with water alone at pH 6.5. Experimental results of metal removal were compared under variation of operating conditions, including the surfactant dose, pH, temperature, time, and solid content. A single washing at pH 6.5 with 5000 mg/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate above the critical micelle concentration (cmc) could remove 60% of the nickel and 23% of the copper from kaolin clays. The combination of 5000 mg/L of basic surfactant and 10 mg/L of nitric acid at pH 5.5 was able to remove 63% of the nickel and 60% of the copper. It was then postulated that a three-step washing mechanism for metal removal using the sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactants could proceed through adsorption of basic, anionic surfactant molecules from dissociating micelles onto metal-spiked kaolin clay and self-reassembling into micelles via hydrophobic attraction. In this way, metal-surfactant complexes would be formed with acidic metal cations via acid-base interactions, followed by desorption of micellar metal-surfactant complexes from the kaolin clay into the solution via electrostatic repulsion. |
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