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題 名 | 明末清初話本小說對科舉制度之批判=Criticisms on Hua-pen Hsiao-shuos at Imperial Examinations in the Late Ming and Early Ch'ing Periods |
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作 者 | 徐志平; | 書刊名 | 嘉義技術學院學報 |
卷 期 | 65 1999.08[民88.08] |
頁 次 | 頁151-169 |
分類號 | 827.2 |
關鍵詞 | 話本小說; 科舉制度; 八股文; Hua-pen hsiao-shuos; Imperial examinations; Pa-ku wen; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 經歷了明代的衰落和滅亡,學者針對國家制度的窳病進行了許多深刻的檢討,對 於製造治國人才庫的科舉制度之批判,措詞尤為嚴厲,甚至有認為明代是亡於八股之害的。 明末清初的話本小說作家多屬失意文人,他們大都參加過科舉考試,深知其弊,也深受其害 ,他們透過生動的描寫,揭露了科舉考試的許多弊竇。本文分明末與清初兩部分進行:明末 的話本小說已經提到科場弊端,並嘲諷了科舉取士的許多荒謬現象,但內容還不夠豐富;清 初話本小說的批判科舉則相當全面, 本文分就 (一 ) 對八股取士的批評、(二 ) 對科場弊 端的揭露、(三 ) 對科舉制度敗壞人才的反映等三個層面進行析論。從小說所展現的內容中 ,我們看到八股取士對於國家社會造成的巨大傷害,作家在寫作時自然流露出一種深刻沈痛 的反應,這種反感和明朝滅亡的鉅大陰影是分不開的。有明末清初這些反映科舉弊端的話本 小說的涓涓細流,才可能匯聚出像 << 儒林外史 >> 那種全面諷刺科舉的集大成之作。可以 說,在中國文化史和小說史這兩個方面,明末清初這一批科舉批判的話本小說都是相當值得 重視的。 |
英文摘要 | Most authors of Hua-pen hsiao-shuos in the late Ming and early Ch'ing periods were failures at imperial examinations. They surely understood the shortages of such examinations. We, thus, found various criticisms on these Hua-pen hsiao-shuos in those periods. This paper included four sections. In the first section, the development of imperial examinations and criticisms of some scholars in the Late Ming and Early Ch'ing periods were discussed. In the second section, the criticisms on the Hua-pen hsiao-shuos in the late years of Ming Dynasty were found simpler and rougher. In the third section, the criticisms of the imperial examination about three aspects (the defects of pa-ku wen、cheating in the examinatins、 the corruptions of bookmen) on the Hua-pen hsiao-shuos in the early years of Ch'ing Dynasty were found comparatively sharper and more profound. In the final section, the conclusion of this paper was presented. The author's insights were also included. One of the notable values of these Hua-pen hsiao-shuos was the tremendous impact on the sarcastic novel, in Ch'ing Dynasty. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。