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題 名 | 西方兒童在家自行教育之研究--從傳統到現代的變革=A Historical Study of Home-schooling in the West |
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作 者 | 鄭玉卿; | 書刊名 | 臺北市立師範學院學報 |
卷 期 | 33 2002.12[民91.12] |
頁 次 | 頁309-325 |
分類號 | 528.2 |
關鍵詞 | 反學校教育思潮; 另類教育; 在家自行教育; Anti-schooling doctrine; Alternative education; Home schooling; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 正式的學校教育制度,一向被視為教育進步的指標,而成為教育史記載中之要角。然而,綜觀人類的教育軌跡,結合家庭生活的傳統教育,確有其不可忽視的重要地位。自希臘、羅馬、中世紀的基督教世界到啟蒙運動時期,對於絕大多數的社會大眾而言,兒童都是在家接受教育的。這固然是學校教育在當時並不發達所致,但從當時主張應將兒童送到學校上學的論點看來,有關父母教育權的問題,一直是教育發展上的重要議題。 十九世紀以後,西方各國國民教育制度紛紛建立,隨著學校本身工具性功能的發展,學校教育逐漸取代了父母的教育職責,成為龐大而壟斷教育權的國家機器。經由社會科學研究方法重視分析思考強調批判反省的影響,許多學者分析學校的功能後,發現了學校許多潛藏於本身機制中的病狀,進而推動許多教育改革,此為教育史上之反學校教育思潮。 這股反學校教育思潮的發展,關注教育本質的種種問題,引起大眾對於教育權和教育理想的熱烈討論,也促使另類教育的發展。其中,將教育權還之於父母及兒童的論點,使許多家長們嘗試恢復傳統,重新在家中教育自己的子女,冀使兒童能免於學校制度對於個體的戕害,在真正以「兒童為中心」的個別教學中,達到開放、自由、符合人性的教育理想。因此,在一九六○至七○年代末期以後,英美等國在家自行教育的案例劇增,有關的研究也陸續出現。經過約四十年來多種階段的努力,英美等國在家自行教育已具相當的規模,成為許多父母們心目中的最佳教育方式。 本研究嘗試以教育史的角度,研究西方有關兒童在家自行教育的發展,尤其是二十世紀學校教育制度發達後,所再度興起的在家自行教育運動與其實際經驗,期提供思考改進我國在家自行教育計畫方案之參考。 |
英文摘要 | The development of schooling is an important indicator during the history of education, but the circumstances of schooling had been changed in the period of 1960s'-1970s'. Researchers in the scope of social sciences abandoned macroscopically qualitative methodology and, in turn, adopted microscopically qualitative approach. And this inevitably offered a new perspective, by which eductionalists or writers who were concerned about education gained a new idea about what education should be like and how education ought to be conducted. It was suggested that a research paradigm shift constituted the main framework for the development of the anti-schooling doctrine. The doctrine severely criticized schooling system for it's failing in achieving social integ+ration. It also considered schooling system, which was traditionally believed to be beneficial to individuals and society as a whole, an anti-education system. In the view of anti-schooling doctrine, schools were not only the source of social injustice, but also were the government's tool for manipulating individuals and the machine of dominant social groups for maintaining their status quo. Along this line, it was therefore no surprise for the doctrine's opposition to compulsory schooling system. In addition to criticizing the abuse of schooling system, the doctrine brought up some new ideas for replacing schooling system. Home schooling, the one of alternative education, was the typical idea of a kind of anti-schooling from parents during that time in the West. This study focuses on the home schooling that developed in the West from 1960s-1970s to now. The aims of this thesis are: to investigate the background and theoretical roots of home schooling; to expound the main arguments for the home schooling stance; to examine its proposals of parent's educational planning and experience. It is hoped that inspirations could be drawn out of this study in view of home schooling currently enacted in Taiwan. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。