頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 系統觀點對自閉症兒童的家庭需求之研究=The Systemic Perspectives on Family Needs of Children with Autism |
---|---|
作 者 | 陶瑜; | 書刊名 | 特殊教育暨創造思考研究 |
卷 期 | 1 2004.12[民93.12] |
頁 次 | 頁105-131 |
分類號 | 547.51 |
關鍵詞 | 自閉症兒童; 家庭需求; 家庭系統; Children with autism; Family needs; Family system; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究之目的是藉由家庭系統之功能運作,瞭解臺北市自閉症兒童家庭需求之建構歷程及需求內涵,並比較不同背景脈絡如何影響臺北市自閉症兒童的家庭需求,又透過溝通模式分析,探討如何協調臺北市自閉症兒童家庭認知性與規範性需求的歧異,進而凝聚自閉症兒童家庭系統間的共識。 研究者於歷程中選擇完形--歸納之質性典範,透過自然的參與觀察及個案家庭的深度晤談,持續關注、訴說、轉錄、分析與閱讀經驗,來詮釋臺北市自閉症兒童家庭系統對需求的觀點,最後獲得以下發現: 一、在臺北市自閉症兒童家庭系統功能的運作方面,可分為苦修型、僱傭型、社交型與避世型四種基本範型。 二、臺北市自閉症兒童家庭在微觀系統的認知性需求方面,可歸納為資訊、專業服務及照顧、經濟、精神支持、休閒娛樂及生涯規劃六個向度。其中資訊需求、專業服務及照顧需求、經濟需求及休閒娛樂需求皆具持續性,且學前組對經濟部分的需求程度最高;國小高年級組則在生涯規劃需求的程度上高於他組。 三、臺北市自閉症兒童家庭的規範性需求方面,中介系統、外環系統及鉅觀系統在資訊需求、專業服務及照顧需求、精神支持需求三個向度上產生交集;又在不同背景脈絡下,臺北市自閉症兒童的家庭需求呈現明顯的個別差異,鉅觀及外環系統雖對微觀系統的短期影響不甚明顯,長期影響卻至為深遠。 四、在自閉症兒童家庭微觀系需求認知歧異時的溝通態度方面,分婚姻次系統之溝通態度可分為支配型、從容型及演劇型;親子次系統之溝通態度可分為支配型及友好型;手足次系統之溝通態度可分為好鬥型、活躍型及疏離型。 五、在微觀系統與中介系統需求認知歧異時之溝通態度方面,微觀系統離型、友好型及演劇型;微觀系統與外環系統需求認知歧異時之溝通態度可分為開放型及演劇型;微觀系統與鉅觀系統需求認知歧異時之溝通態度則為注意型。 六、在自閉症兒童家庭系統需求認知歧異時之溝通模式方面,微觀系統需求認知歧異時傾向採取Y字型網路溝通模式;微觀系統與中介系統需求認知歧異時傾向採取環狀網路溝通模式;微觀系統與外環系統需求認知歧異時傾向採取輪狀網路溝通模式;微觀系統與鉅觀系統需求認知歧異時則傾向採取鏈狀網路溝通模式。 七、研究者建議,臺北市自閉症兒童家庭系統在需求認知歧異時宜採取交錯型網路溝通模式,交末並提出數項凝聚自閉症兒童家庭系統需求共識之有效溝通策略。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this research is to understand family needs of children with Autism in Taipei City through the operating of family function. With systemic perspectives, researcher tries to construct the process of how background context affects the family needs of children with Autism, then explores the ways to avoid conflicts between cognitive needs and normative needs of family system by model analysis to obtain the consensus of different family systems of children with Autism in Taipei City. This research adopts the qualitative gestalt-induction paragon, researcher contacts subjects continually through in-depth interview and natural participant observation, to collect, compare, analyze, induct, deduce, and conclude data, finally interpret the family system needs of children with Autism. Alluded to above, findings of the research are as follows: (a) Considering the operation of family function, families of children with Autism in Taipei City can be divided into four basic models--stoic, employing, social, and secluded type. (b) With the perspective of microsystem, the cognitive needs of family of children with Autism include six dimensions--information, professional service and care, economic, affectional support, leisure and amusement, and career planning. (c) With the perspective of mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem, the normative needs of family of children with Autism focus on information, professional service and care, and affectional support. (d) In microsystem, the spouse sub-system may take dominating, composed, or dramatic attitude toward conflicts among individual needs, while the parental sub-system may take dominating or friendly attitude; the sibling sub-system may take bellicose, active or estranged attitude (Y type communication network). (e) In the communication process of microsystem and mesosystem, system members may take estranged, friendly, or dramatic attitude toward conflicts among needs (circle type communication network); in the communication process of microsystem and exosystem, system members may take open or dramatic attitude toward conflicts among needs (wheel type communication network); in the communication process of microsystem and macrosystem, system members may take attentive attitude toward conflicts among needs (chain type communication network). Finally, researcher also offers some strategies to promote communication among different family systems of children with Autism in Taipei City. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。