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題 名 | 尖峰延展模型下異質彈性旅次之次佳道路擁擠定價=Peak and Off-Peak Second-best Congestion Road Pricing Schemes for Heterogeneous Demand Elastic Commuters in Urban Highway Systems |
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作 者 | 褚志鵬; 葉岦陞; | 書刊名 | 東吳經濟商學學報 |
卷 期 | 47 2004.12[民93.12] |
頁 次 | 頁33-58 |
分類號 | 557.31 |
關鍵詞 | 道路擁擠定價; 異質彈性旅次; 尖峰延展; 次佳定價; Congestion road pricing; Heterogeneous travel demand; Two periods road pricing; Second-best pricing; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 道路擁擠收費的研究在理論上多數仍假定使用需求為固定且同質,並多將研究限定在單一尖峰時段,以簡化分析,而後雖然陸續有學者或將固定需求改為彈性需求,或考慮異質旅次,或考量尖峰延展之問題,但尚未見將三者結合一併討論者,本研究提出考慮異質彈性旅次特性及尖峰延展的道路定價模型,探討政府在極大社會福利原則下採取不同收費政策 (不收費政策、最適道路定價政策及次佳道路定價政策) 時之擁擠費額,並進行數值模擬,分析旅次變化情形及社會福利的增減。研究發現:就尖峰時段或離峰時段旅次流量而言,次佳道路定價減少高速公路旅次,然而對於地方省道則增加其旅次;就擁擠費額而言,因尖峰時段之潛在旅次流量較離峰時段為高,則尖峰時段之擁擠費額較離峰時段為高,且隨著兩種用路者問彈性的拉大,所放取之擁擠費額將逐漸減少;就福利而言,以最適道路定價政策福利最高,再者為次佳道路定價政策;隨著兩種用路者問彈性的拉大,其總福利將逐漸減少,但價格彈性低者之福利總量漸漸增加,而價格彈性高者之福利總量則逐漸減少。 |
英文摘要 | Most of discussions on road congestion pricing are either based on the assumption of fixed and homogeneous travel demand, or limited to single traffic period. Even currently researchers work on models with considering elastic-demand, or considering heterogeneous travel demand, or considering the peak and off-peak periods. However, none of these papers exams the model with three considerations together. This paper provides the first model with three considerations and discusses three road pricing policies (no toll, first-best toll, and second-best toll) for a social welfare maximizing government. A theoretical analysis and a simulation are provided to show the change of travel flows, tolls, and social welfare under different policies. The results of the simulation show that under second-best pricing policy the traffic flow on highway is reduced but the traffic flow on local road is increased in both peak and off-peak periods. The toll in peak period is higher than that in off-peak period and tolls are reduces as the difference of the demand elasticities increases. The social welfare in the first-best pricing case is highest and that of no toll pricing case is the lowest. As the difference of two groups' demand elasticities increases, the total social welfare will reduce but the social welfare for the low demand elasticity group will increase. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。