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題名 | 美國學校社會工作發展之分析=The Historical Development of School Social Work in America |
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作者 | 林勝義; | 書刊名 | 學校與家庭社會工作學刊 |
卷期 | 1 2004.12[民93.12] |
頁次 | 頁1+3-23 |
分類號 | 527.4 |
關鍵詞 | 學校社會工作; 社會趨勢; 教育取向; School social work; Social trend; Educational orientation; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文從社會趨勢、公共教育、社會工作等層面,分析美國學校社會工作的發展,目的在採借美國的經驗,提供臺灣學校社會工作來發展的參考。 美國學校社會工作的發展,可以區分為六個階段:1900年代,訪問教師運動,建立了學校社會工作;1920年代,擴展為少年犯罪防治工作,1930-1950年代,強調社會個案工作;1960年代,強化學校與社區的關係,1970-1980年代,著重障礙兒童服務;1990年代以來,因應教育改革的需求,有關學校教育品質問題、稅基縮減、各式各樣學生人口的服務需求、貧窮兒童及家庭的增加、暴力的增加,都將挑戰學校社會工作者去思考和開創適當的服務 歸納美國學校社會工作的發展,發現有下列特色值得臺灣借鏡:1.工作重點應配合社會趨勢的發展;2.服務目標應扣緊教育取向的轉變;3.工作方法應始終堅持社工專業;4.處遇取向應由治療觀發展為生態觀;5.工作角色應由聯絡者擴及多元角色。 |
英文摘要 | The article discusses the historical development of school social work in America from social trend, public education, social work, and some other aspects. Its purpose is to adopt the experiences of America for reference to the development of school social work in Taiwan in the future. The development of American school social work can be divided into six stages: in 1900s, visiting teacher developments, and establishing school social work; in 1920s, expanding the prevention of juvenile delinquency; from 1930s to 1950s, stressing social casework; in 1960s, strengthening the relation between schools and communities; from 1970s to 1980s, paying more attention to the service for handicapped children; ever since 1990s, in order to adapt to the demands of educational reformation, the problems in the quality of schooling, reduced tax bases, increased demands to serve a more diverse student population, increased poverty among children and families and more violence have challenged the professionals to think and create appropriate services. Concluding the development of American school social work, we found some following features that are worth learning: 1. the work should focus on the development of social trends; 2. the goal of service has to keep up with the changes in educational trends; 3. the ways of work should always persist in social work profession; 4. the trend of treatment should be developed from medical model to ecological perspective; 5. the roles of the work should expand from liaison to multi-character. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。