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題名 | 「學校至工作」的概念分析與系統建構--以美國「學校至工作機會法案」為例=Conceptual-Analysis and System-Auilding (Integrated Department Creation) of School-to-work-Taking the U.S. School-to-work Opportunities Act of 1994 as an Example |
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作者 | 許智香; | 書刊名 | 慈濟大學教育研究學刊 |
卷期 | 1 2004.07[民93.07] |
頁次 | 頁33-58 |
分類號 | 528.858 |
關鍵詞 | 學校至工作; 系統建構取向; 學校至工作機會法案; School-to-work; School-to-work opportunities act of 1994; System-building approach; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 隨著全球經濟結構和競爭力的變遷,勞動力、經濟和教育議題不斷集中地對教育改革提出要求。其中,學校與工作間的轉化受到相當的重視,因為,大多數的人接受學校教育,也都希望藉此教育和訓練獲取較佳的職業和自我發展。因此,本文首先針對「學校至工作」進行概念的分析,以釐清兩者適切的關係。其次,則嘗試以系統建構取向提出「學校至工作」的架構因素和策略選擇,前者包括系統、學校、企業、社區、個人等層次,彼此之間基於民主參與原則,在政策和執行上進行各個架構因素的意見交流和參與互動。後者則強調學術與職業課程的整合、學生興趣和能力的結合、學校教學與工作經驗的連結和各個教育階段的聯結。 本文以1994年美國「學校至工作機會法案」及其計劃為例,說明整個系統架構的組成要素和活動。由於聯邦立法的激勵,使得美國各州、地方均設計新的「學校至工作系統」,在此,將根據許多針對這些計劃所做的研究報告進行效果評估,並反省「學校至工作」轉換系統的發展性。 |
英文摘要 | This article is concerned with the various meanings and characteristics of "school-to-work", to understand some appropriate connections between education and work. Generally, school-to-work programs are classified in two main categories, namely "school-for-work" and "school-and-work". The comprehensive analysis is helpful to explore and build an effective transitional system from school to work, including its structure and strategy. A framework of STW consists of system, school, enterprise, community, and individual frame factors; these factors are dynamic and interactive with each other. There are four strategy choices among STW programs: integrate school-based and work-based learning; reconcile student's interests and capabilities; combine academic and vocational curricula; link primary, secondary and post-secondary education. Encouraged by federal legislation (School-to-Work Opportunities Act, 1994), states and localities in the United States are designing new school-to-work systems. This paper is intended to present the key elements, the system-building approach of School-to-work by STWOA, and its programs. In addition, we evaluate these design efforts by presenting the results of research on existing school-to-work programs. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。