頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 臺灣現地保育的治理--1990年以來一些新興個案的回顧=Governance of in Situ Conservation in Taiwan--A Review of Alternative Cases Since 1990 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 盧道杰; | 書刊名 | 國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告 |
| 卷 期 | 18:1=243 2004.03[民93.03] |
| 頁 次 | 頁13-27 |
| 分類號 | 367 |
| 關鍵詞 | 自然保護區; 現地保育; 治理; 社區保育; 共管; In situ conservation; Natural protected areas; Governance; Community-based conservation; Co-management; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 台灣在自然資源經營管理上係以公有地為主，傳統上採用菁英集權排除式的取向，這特別是在自然保護區體系裡可以觀察得到，如：自然保留區、國家公園、野生動物保護區與野生動物重要棲息環境。自1980 年代後期取消戒嚴開始，國內政治社會逐步民主開放，為公眾特別是在地社區開創了許多參與公共政策的管道，中央政府也轉移許多權能予地方政府。近年來因政治競爭越見激烈，原住民族成為各方勢力爭相爭取的對象，因而原住民族的權益越加受到重視。在這樣的環境脈絡下，國內出現一些另類的棲地保育治理個案，包括宣稱原漢共管的馬告國家公園計畫、社區取向的林業經營管理政策、由地方政府設立的自然公園、地方政府與在地保育團體在保護區管理上的夥伴關係、由地方政府配合在地社區主導的溪流保育、由山美在地社群設立的達娜伊谷自然生態公園等。這些個案與趨勢顯現了國內在地社區、原住民族與地方政府參與現地保育計畫的意願與可能。當我們認知光靠保育人士與政府無法在現地保育工作竟其功時，也許國內的環境已可以考量在現地保育的範疇裡，除政府單位外有其他治理方式，俾以對台灣的保育工作做進一步的貢獻。 |
| 英文摘要 | Taiwan traditionally adopts approaches of centralized control on management of natural resources which mainly located on lands owned by the Government . Natural protected areas, such as Natural Reserves, National Parks, Wildlife Refuges and Major Wildlife Habitats, are classic examples managed by this centralized and exclusive paradigm. While the Emergency Decree was lifted in late 1980s, Taiwan gradually became an open and democratic society. This encouraged and created channels for local involvement in public matters in Taiwan. Meanwhile, given the development of deep democracy and implementation of local self-autonomy political enquiry, the central government has transferred part of its power and resources to local governments. Also since late Taiwan traditionally adopts approaches of centralized control on management of natural resources which mainly located on lands owned by the Government . Natural protected areas, such as Natural Reserves, National Parks, Wildlife Refuges and Major Wildlife Habitats, are classic examples managed by this centralized and exclusive paradigm. While the Emergency Decree was lifted in late 1980s, Taiwan gradually became an open and democratic society. This encouraged and created channels for local involvement in public matters in Taiwan. Meanwhile, given the development of deep democracy and implementation of local self-autonomy political enquiry, the central government has transferred part of its power and resources to local governments. Also since late 1990s, it became very competitive for the elections. Accordingly, the minority, especially the indigenous people has become key political resources which every party strongly compete for. The domestic political regime therefore paid attention to issues and positions of indigenous people. Under these circumstances, there have been several cases which showed alternatives types of governance on habitats conservation since 1990. These included the proposal of a new Makao National Park which the Government claimed to be willing to co-manage the park with local indigenous tribes, community forestry--a community-based forestry program, natural parks established by local governments, partnership between the local governments and grass-roosts NGOs to improve management of protected areas, schemes of fresh water fish protection initiated by local governments and local communities, and the Danayiku natural ecological park set up by the local community. This study reviews these case studies and shows that there should be some roles for the local communities, indigenous people and local governments to play in in situ conservation projects in Taiwan. While it is necessary to include every social actors in natural conservation work, broader governance types for the habitat conservation may made considerable contribution to natural conservation in Taiwan. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。