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題名 | 和平生存權之基本原理與構造--以日本憲法之規範與解釋為例=The Fundamental Theories and Structures of the Right to Live in Peace--From the Point of View of Regulations and Illustrations of the Constitution of Japan |
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作者 | 蕭淑芬; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷期 | 33 2004.01[民93.01] |
頁次 | 頁1-25 |
分類號 | 581.31 |
關鍵詞 | 和平權; 和平生存; 和平生存權; 和平主義; 日本憲法; Peace; The principle of peace; The right to live in peace; The constitution of japan; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文之主要目的,在於探討憲法體制下「和平」當做一種權利保障之意義、目的、結構與內容。此種將「和平」當做一種人權保障之概念,一般又稱為「和平生存權」或「和平權」者,是指二十世紀中葉以後出現之人權保障的概念。該權利無論就發展之時程而言,或者就權利之主體、內容而論,均屬所謂第三代人權。目前,「和平生存權」保障之規範,不但在國際人權法上受到矚目,亦有納入憲法予以保障之立法例出現。「日本憲法」就是典型將「和平」當做一種人權保障而予以規範之現代憲法。「日本憲法」除明言和平是一種權利之外,並於前言中強調,和平主義為「日本憲法」之基本原理。除此之外,又在憲法本文第九條放入「放棄戰爭」之和平主義條款。如此之規範結構,使得「和平」之概念,不僅是國家政策之選擇或目標,亦是國家權力行使之基本原則,而且更進一步具有人權價值之理念。因此,就「日本憲法」之規範而言,「和平」之概念,不但是一種主義,稱為和平主義,也是一種權利,稱為「在和平中生存的權利」,更是一種國家之形態,稱為和平國家。此種以國家、主義與人權三大面向,來建構和平保障的憲法規範形態,以人權保障之理論層面而論,雖仍有爭議之空間,但作為國家實踐「和平」之規範而言,實有值得我國借鏡之處。本文希望藉由觀察「日本憲法」之規範與實際憲政運作之經驗,了解「和平」做為一種權利保障之可能性與必要性,以期能提供我國有關人權保障方面之憲政改革的參考。 |
英文摘要 | The main purpose of this article is to analyze how the "peace" can be one of the mechanisms to protect human rights what content it should be. The concept of using it to protect human rights is developing in the middle of twenty century. The content of the right to live in peace is so-called third generation for human right protection theory. So far, it has already been discussed widely and regulated in the Constitution. For example, in Japanese Constitution, we can see they not only consider peace as one of the human rights, but also take pacifism as one of the basic theories for the Constitution. In order to truly understand the meaning of the right to live in peace and how to adopt it as a reference for us, first of all, I will introduce the background of the right to live in peace in part I. In part II, I will define the meaning the right to live in peace and explain the concepts of the peaceful country, pacifism and the right to live in peace. The differences among them will also be discussed. In part III, certain legal development and case will be reviewed. Finally, in part IV, I will provide an overview of the impact of the right to live in peace and explain whether it could be adopted by us or not. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。