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題名 | 含滓水流對防砂壩下游河道沖淤之試驗研究=Effects of Overflows Resulting from Sediment Deposition Behind Check Dams on Downstream Scouring and Deposition |
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作者姓名(中文) | 蔡志隆; 周良勳; 梁大慶; | 書刊名 | 水土保持學報 |
卷期 | 35:4 2003.12[民92.12] |
頁次 | 頁413-426 |
分類號 | 443.6 |
關鍵詞 | 防砂壩; 消能設施; 含滓水流; 沖淤變化; Check dam; Energy dissipation component; Sediment flow; Difference of scouring and deposition; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本試驗旨在探討防砂壩淤積後,溢壩水流對下游河道泥砂的沖淤影響。在含滓水流條件下,由渠槽試驗分別觀測河道建構不同壩高和消能設施的防砂壩後,對下游河道沖淤之變化,以三種沖淤指標因子:全區泥砂運移比、強沖刷區泥砂運移比、弱沖刷區泥砂運移比等判斷河道在各個區域之泥砂沖淤情形。試驗結果顯示: 一、當河道建構防砂壩後,其河道各沖刷區之泥砂運移比皆會較原河道各沖刷區之泥砂運移比大;且會隨著防砂壩的增高,而呈現沖刷更嚴重之趨勢。 二、當河道建構不同消能設施的防砂壩後,並於壩體下游設置護坦、水墊、副壩等不同消能設施予以消能,對整個河道的全區泥砂運移比之影響,以副壩設施的全區泥砂運移比最小,所以副壩設施最能有效降低整個河道的沖刷,水墊次之,護坦則最差。 三、當河道建構不同消能設施的防砂壩後,並於壩體下游設置護坦、水墊、副壩等不同消能設施予以消能,對整個河道的強沖刷區泥砂運移比之影響,以副壩設施的強沖刷區泥砂運移比最小,最後能夠有效降低強沖刷區的沖刷,所以副壩消能效果最好,護坦次之,水墊再次之。 四、無論在河道建構何種消能設施的防砂壩,皆能減緩強沖刷區的沖刷程度,但卻會增加弱沖刷區泥砂運移比,加劇弱沖刷區的河床沖刷作用。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this experiment is to explore the influences of the overflow resulting from sediment deposition behind check dams on sand scouring and deposition in downstream watercourse. Dam models constructed in different high level or with energy dissipation component in flume experiment of the flow with sediment to observe the difference of sand scouring and deposition condition. Three indexes ① entire area sand transported ratio, ② serious-scouring area sand transported ratio and ③ weak-scouring area sand transported ratio were used to determine sand scouring or deposition in downstream watercourse. The results of experiment showed as follows: 1. After check dam was constructed in watercourse, sand transported ratio would increase in each area. The trend is more serious scouring situation for higher of the dam. 2. Different kinds of energy dissipation dams were constructed with apron dam, water cushion, secondary dam in downstream. Secondary dam is the most effective type to diminish sand scouring situation in watercourse as illustrated by minimum value of entire area sand transported ratio. So secondary dam. The effect of water cushion is fair while that of apron dam is poor. 3. These energy dissipation components could retard sand scouring situation of serious scouring area, but increase the value of weak-scouring area sand transported ratio. That also aggravates sand scouring situation of weak scouring area. |
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