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題名 | 京劇「汪(笑儂)派」探賾=Exploration of the Peking Operas of the Wang's School |
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作者姓名(中文) | 陳芳; |
作者姓名(外文) | Cheng, Fang; |
書刊名 | 國文學報 |
卷期 | 34 2003.12[民92.12] |
頁次 | 頁141-176 |
分類號 | 982.1 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 汪笑儂; 伶隱; 小汪派; 京劇; 戲曲改良; Wang Hsiao-nung; Player; The Wang's school; Peking operas; Improvement of drama; |
中文摘要 | 京劇「汪(笑儂)派」創始人汪笑儂,一生憂國憂民,所遇坎壈。不論是託詩寓志,或是狂歌泄憤,都自然散發出一種高尚的愛國情操。故其編新戲、創新聲,開啟梨園一代風氣,在戲曲改良運動上具有極大的貢獻,並因而建立了「汪派」的表演特色。就筆者所知,汪氏編演京劇劇目至少在四十七種以上。發揮戲曲的教化作用、宣揚民族愛國思想或寄托感時憂憤的心志,是這些劇作的撰作動機,也是汪氏的戲曲觀。從劇目文本觀測,可以看出劇本體製重視維護京劇的傳統格局,唱念皮簧、京白、韻白之餘,也同時進行調整與變革。如廢除「定場詩」、「自報家門」、「打背供」等,且運用大段唱詞、長篇講演、堆疊垛句、塑造言論正生等手法,大幅度翻新劇本。又以個人的學識涵養,兼顧劇本的通俗性、劇情的合理化,以致典雅駢文與俚俗方言並陳,劇情脈絡更為流暢。而滿腔的愛國熱血,透過蒼勁有力的唱腔,獨創「炸彈音」之詮釋方法,以及體貼精微的表情身段,在舞臺上鮮活剛勁地建構了每一個人物的生命力。「汪(笑濃)派」的表演藝術,也在晚清民初蔚為時尚,私淑者甚眾。可惜多數傳人並未如汪氏之刻骨銘心、感情豐富,又因唱工繁重,唱做往往僅得其貌,難以如實傳神,致該派路數日漸式微,現代之何玉蓉乃是唯一代表。但只要回顧京劇歷史,晚清民初時期曾大放異彩的《黨人碑》、《罵閻羅》、《哭祖廟》、《刀劈三關》、《受禪臺》……等「汪派」劇目,就不能忽視汪笑儂苦心詣旨、創作編演的特殊成就。其劇目果然戛戛獨造,允為出色當行。「汪(笑儂)派」結合時代、切中時弊、反映民心、呼籲愛國的演藝路數,至今觀之,仍有令人動容的飽滿能量,足以作為戲曲界的一種典型。 |
英文摘要 | The founder of the Wang's School, Mr Wang Hsiao-nung, was a nationalistic play writer during the latter period of the Ching Dynasty. His works expressed patriotic sentiment. He improved the Peking Operas and established the Wang's performance style. As far as I know, he had created more than forty-seven kinds of repertoires, and each of them became popular in his age. His motif implied his perspective of music dramas; that is, to cultivate civil, to encourage nationalism, and to inspire admirable consonance. He was devoted to he innovation of Peking operas, including the tunes, the dialogues, the rhymes, and the singing styles. He simplified some of the specific patterns on stage performance and increased long narratives to enrich the contents of the story. He invented a unique singing style of "explosive sound", combined with graceful and sophisticated expressions and gestures, to highlight the role's character and to make powerful and emotional effects. His plays appealed to the classes as well as the ordinary people. He was undoubtedly the model of Chinese traditional dramas. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。