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題名 | Physiological Adaptations and Nutritional Concerns under Stressors of Altitude and Cold=高海拔及低溫狀態下之生理適應和營養攝取考量 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 鄧碧雲; 陳仕佳; | 書刊名 | Annual Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science |
卷期 | 3 2003.12[民92.12] |
頁次 | 頁89-95 |
分類號 | 528.9012 |
關鍵詞 | 高海拔; 低溫狀態; 生理適應; 營養攝取; Physiological adaptations; Nutritional concerns; Under stressors; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 除了競賽所需的嚴格體能要求之外,2002年的冬季奧運會更添加兩項壓力給予參賽的選手,那便是「低氣溫」與「高海拔」。本文的主旨在探討「低溫」與「高海拔」所帶給選手之生理上的挑戰,期待能協助選手避免「熱量攝取不足」和「水份過度流失」的麻煩。本中將針對「生理適應和攝取營養及補給品」兩方向討論如何增進越野滑雪選手之運動表現;此外本文中也另加討論日益嚴重的禁藥使用及「非法儲血」(blood doping)等問題。大致上,選手需要14天的時間適應「高海拔」稀薄的空氣,長期的生理調適則要12週之久才可見效;而在低溫狀態下最好的訓練方式便是進行「中強度,時間維持較久」的持續性運動。在比賽之前選手務必飲用足夠的水份並攝取比平時「海平面」更多之熱量;儘可能在登山之前便服用足夠的鐵質。攝取「咖啡因」和「磷酸鹽」已證實可以提昇滑雪選手的最大攝氧量,不過因藥禁和副作用的因素,使用上必須做多方的考量。「非法儲血」和使用人造血紅素蛋白都是奧運會嚴禁的「提昇表現」方式,由於滑雪選手使用上述手法的次數和頻繁,國際奧委會和鹽湖城主辦當局免不了要和選手在藥檢的科技上一比高下了。 |
英文摘要 | Althletes participating in the Winter Olympics must deal with two environmental stressors: cold weather and altitude. Long distance cross-country skiing events in the 2002 Salt lake city winter Olympics seriously challenged athletes’ cardiovascular endurance. This article focuses on physiological challenges under the environmental stressors of altitude and cold. Information regarding physiological adaptations and nutritional and ergogenic supplements for enhancing cross-country skiing performance will be examined along with issues concerning doping and substance abuse. In terms of acclimatization to altitude, major physiological adaptation might take fourteen days. Most athletes likely require 12 weeks to achieve longer-term adaptation. The optimal-preparation for cold acclimatization requires training at moderate exercise-intensity and longer duration. Athletes should consume the proper amount of fluid and increase their intake of carbohydrates prior to and during the competition. Iron supplementation should also be used before athletes ascend to higher altitudes. Both caffeine ingestion and oral phosphate loading have been proven to significantly improve skiers, aerobic performance or VO2 max. However, athletes should be cautious in the use of these supplements. Blood doping and the use of recombinant human erythropoeitin (rEPO) were prohibited and the substance-abuse situation caused the IOC and the Salt Lake City Organizing Committee to work to actively prevent the illegal use of performance enhancing substances. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。